- wlug - list.wlug.org.nz

Used thin client PCs are an unsexy, readily available Raspberry Pi alternative
by Peter Reutemann 30 Nov '22

30 Nov '22

'"Raspberry Pi boards are hard to get, probably also next year," says Andreas Spiess, single-board enthusiast and YouTuber, in his distinctive Swiss accent. He's not wrong. Spiess says he and his fellow Pi devotees need "a strategy to survive" without new boards, so he suggests looking in one of the least captivating, most overlooked areas of computing: used, corporate-minded thin client PCs. Spiess' Pi replacements, suggested and refined by many of his YouTube commenters and Patreon subscribers, are Fujitsu Futros, Lenovo ThinkCentres, and other small systems (some or all of which could be semantically considered "thick clients" or simply "mini PCs," depending on your tastes and retro-grouch sensibilities). They're the kind of systems you can easily find used on eBay, refurbished on Amazon Renewed, or through other enterprise and IT asset disposition sources. They're typically in good shape, given their use and environment. And compared to single-board enthusiast systems, many more are being made and replaced each year.' -- source: https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/11/used-thin-client-pcs-are-an-unsexy-… Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ Mobile +64 22 190 2375 https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Anker's Eufy Cameras Caught Uploading Content To the Cloud Without User Consent
by Peter Reutemann 30 Nov '22

30 Nov '22

'Anker's popular Eufy-branded security cameras appear to be sending some data to the cloud, even when cloud storage is disabled and local only storage settings are turned on. MacRumors reports: The information comes from security consultant Paul Moore, who last week published a video outlining the issue. According to Moore, he purchased a Eufy Doorbell Dual, which was meant to be a device that stored video recording on device. He found that Eufy is uploading thumbnail images of faces and user information to its cloud service when cloud functionality is not enabled. Moore demonstrates the unauthorized cloud uploading by allowing his camera to capture his image and turning off the Eufy HomeBase. The website is still able to access the content through cloud integration, though he had not signed up for cloud service, and it remains accessible even when the footage is removed from the Eufy app. It's important to note that Eufy does not appear to be automatically uploading full streaming video to the cloud, but rather taking captures of the video as thumbnails. The thumbnails are used in the Eufy app to activate streaming video from the Eufy base station, allowing Eufy users to watch their videos when away from home, as well as for sending rich notifications. The problem is the thumbnails are uploaded to the cloud automatically even when the cloud functionality is not active, and Eufy also seems to be using facial recognition on the uploads. Some users have taken issue with the unauthorized cloud uploads because Eufy advertises local-only service and has been popular among those who want a more private camera solution. "No Clouds or Costs," reads the Eufy website. Moore suggests that Eufy is also able to link facial recognition data collected from two separate cameras and two separate apps to users, all without camera owners being aware. Moore received a response from Eufy in which Eufy confirmed that it is uploading event lists and thumbnails to AWS, but said the data is not able to "leak to the public" because the URL is restricted, time limited, and requires account login. There is also another issue that Moore has highlighted, suggesting Eufy camera streams can be watched live using an app like VLC, but little information on the exploit is available at this time. Moore said that unencrypted Eufy camera content can be accessed without authentication, which is alarming for Eufy users. There's a dedicated Reddit thread where other Eufy users are reporting the same thing happening.' -- source: https://yro.slashdot.org/story/22/11/29/2148250 Eufy products are for sale here in NZ as well. Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ Mobile +64 22 190 2375 https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Amazon's New Chip Moves AWS Into High-Performance Computing
by Peter Reutemann 30 Nov '22

30 Nov '22

'Amazon's cloud-computing unit is rolling out new chips designed to power the highest-end of computing, supporting tasks such as weather forecasting and gene sequencing. From a report: Amazon Web Services, the largest provider of over-the-internet computing, on Monday said it would let customers rent computing power that relies on a new version of its Graviton chips. Peter DeSantis, a senior vice president who oversees most of AWS's engineering teams, said in an interview that the product is a springboard for making what the industry calls high-performance computing more readily available. The newest chip is the latest piece of Amazon's effort to build more of the hardware that fills the massive data centers that power AWS. Amazon says making its own chips will give customers more cost-effective computing power than they could get by renting time on processors built by the likes of Intel Corp., Nvidia Corp. or Advanced Micro Devices. The move has put AWS in direct competition with those companies, which are also among its biggest suppliers. DeSantis said the chipmakers remain "great partners," and that AWS plans to continue to offer high-performance computing services based on chips made by other companies. On Tuesday, AWS Chief Executive Officer Adam Selipsky announced a new version of the Inferentia chip, which is designed to draw inferences from vast amounts of data. Inferentia2 is built to handle bigger sets of data than its predecessor, enabling things like software-generated images or detecting and interpreting human speech, Amazon said. [...] The latest version of AWS's line of Graviton processors, the Graviton3E, will have twice the ability of current versions in one type of calculations needed by high-performance computers, DeSantis said. When combined with other AWS technology, the new offering will be 20% better than the previous one. Amazon didn't say when services based on the new chip would be available' -- source: https://tech.slashdot.org/story/22/11/29/192229 According to this site, the Graviton2 chip is supported by several Linux distros (specific kernel flags?): https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/graviton/ Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ Mobile +64 22 190 2375 https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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RIP Fred “Mythical Man-Month” Brooks
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 29 Nov '22

29 Nov '22

“The Mythical Man-Month” was a classic book on the nature of computer programming, written by Fred Brooks after (among other things) his experience heading up the OS/360 project back in the 1960s. The man himself has now passed away at the age of 91 <https://www.theregister.com/2022/11/28/fred_mythical_man_month_brooks/>. OS/360 was the most ambitious of several operating systems developed by IBM for its System/360 line of computers. It provided conclusive proof that, if a project was running late, adding more people to work on it could actually make things worse. I have a copy of the 25th-Anniversary edition of the book, which includes his “No Silver Bullet” essay and also a detailed retrospective on how the original text stood up (or not) to the state of the programming art in the 1990s.

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Linux Kernel Gets More Infrastructure for Rust, Increasing Interest in the Language
by Peter Reutemann 28 Nov '22

28 Nov '22

'Linux 6.1 (released last month) included what Linus Torvalds described as "initial Rust scaffolding," remembers this update from SD Times But now, "work has already been done since the 6.1 release to add more infrastructure for Rust in the kernel, though still none of the code interacts with any C code." And there's still no actual Rust code in Linux: "You need to get all those things that can make sure that Rust can compile, and you can do the debugging and all these things," explained Joel Marcey, director of advocacy and operations for the Rust Foundation, "and make sure that the memory safety is there and all that sort of stuff. And that has to happen first before you can actually write any real code in Rust for the Linux kernel itself." Marcey explained that Linux is going to be doing this inclusion very piecemeal, with lots of little integrations here and there over time so they can see how it is working. "I would imagine that over the next year, you're going to see more small incremental changes to the kernel with Rust, but as people are seeing that it's actually kind of working out, you'll be able to maybe, for example, write Linux drivers or whatever with Rust," said Marcey.... According to Bec Rumbul, executive director of the Rust Foundation, Rust being added to the kernel is an "enormous vote of confidence in the Rust programming language." She explained that in the past other languages have been planned to make it into the kernel and ended up not getting put in. "I think having someone with the kind of intellectual gravity of Linus Torvalds saying 'No, it's going in there,' that kind of says an awful lot about how reliable Rust already is and how much potential there is for the future as well," she said. Rumbul believes that there will be an increased interest in the language, which is still relatively new (It first made its debut in 2010) compared to some of the other languages out there to choose from. "I suspect that because Rust is now in the kernel, and it's just being talked about much ... more widely, that it will seem like an attractive prospect to a lot of people that are looking to develop their skills and their knowledge," she said. Rumbul hopes people will also be inspired to participate in the language as contributors and maintainers, because those are some of the less popular roles within open source, but are extremely critical to the health of a language, she explained. The Rust Foundation also launched a new security team in September to ensure best practices (including a dedicated security engineer). Their first initiative will be a security audit and threat modeling exercises. "We want to basically shore up," Rust operations director Marcey tells SD Times, "to ensure that Rust itself is actually as secure as we always say it is." In this year's Stack Overflow Developer Survey, 86.73% of developers said they love Rust.' -- source: https://developers.slashdot.org/story/22/11/27/1853228 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ Mobile +64 22 190 2375 https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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meeting next Monday
by Peter Reutemann 28 Nov '22

28 Nov '22

Hi everyone We have a hybrid meeting next Monday with the following topic: 'Gnome, MATE, Cinnamon and KDE are the most common window managers for Linux desktops. But what about the lesser known ones? There are plenty of compositing, stacking or tiling window managers out there. Let's have a look at some (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_X_window_managers) Maybe you'll find the one that you have been looking for all those years?' Details: https://www.meetup.com/waikatolinuxusersgroup/events/283776741/ Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ Mobile +64 22 190 2375 https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Human Rights Commissioner Wants To See Regulation, Not Bans On Disinformation
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 26 Nov '22

26 Nov '22

Paul Hunt, our Chief Human Rights Commissioner is not so keen on Justice Minister Kiri Allan’s proposals on hate speech legislation, saying “We do need controls, we do need checks, we do need independent accountability but not rendering the information unlawful, unless it reaches that far end of the spectrum.” according to <https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/politics/disinformation-should-be-regulated-b…>. Internal Affairs Minister Jan Tinetti has been looking at how Finland has had some success in keeping its young people aware of misinformation and disinformation online, to see if something similar could be done here.

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Google Says Google and Other Android Manufacturers Haven't Patched Security Flaws
by Peter Reutemann 25 Nov '22

25 Nov '22

'Google has disclosed several security flaws for phones that have Mali GPUs, such as those with Exynos chipsets. From a report: The company's Project Zero team says it flagged the problems to ARM (which produces the GPUs) back in the summer. ARM resolved the issues on its end in July and August. However, smartphone manufacturers including Samsung, Xiaomi, Oppo and Google itself hadn't deployed patches to fix the vulnerabilities as of earlier this week, Project Zero said. Researchers identified five new issues in June and July and promptly flagged them to ARM. "One of these issues led to kernel memory corruption, one led to physical memory addresses being disclosed to userspace and the remaining three led to a physical page use-after-free condition," Project Zero's Ian Beer wrote in a blog post. "These would enable an attacker to continue to read and write physical pages after they had been returned to the system." Beer noted that it would be possible for a hacker to gain full access to a system as they'd be able to bypass the permissions model on Android and gain "broad access" to a user's data. The attacker could do so by forcing the kernel to reuse the afore-mentioned physical pages as page tables.' -- source: https://tech.slashdot.org/story/22/11/24/218212 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ Mobile +64 22 190 2375 https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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DSA Slowly Going Away
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 24 Nov '22

24 Nov '22

I notice that the new version of OpenSSH in Debian Unstable is taking another step toward dropping support for the DSA algorithm for key generation. I can remember back when DSA was introduced as an alternative to RSA. Unlike RSA, which is an encryption algorithm that can also be used for digital signatures, DSA was deliberately designed to be usable for signatures but not for encryption. This was back in the day when the US Government was still restricting exports of strong encryption products. Not long after that, I remember a research paper being published showing that DSA could in fact be used as an encryption algorithm. It wasn’t particularly efficient or even very practical, but it could theoretically be done. There was a time, in fact, when DSA was actually being preferred to RSA for generating SSH keys. Just checking the ssh-keygen man page, and the current default is RSA.

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Windows Subsystem for Linux with GUI apps launches for Windows 10
by Peter Reutemann 24 Nov '22

24 Nov '22

'The Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL), one of the best reasons to run Windows 11, is now available to Windows 10 users, in the latest version and with all its features. WSL dropped its "preview" label with this 1.0 release, and aims to simplify its installation from here on out. Getting the best version of WSL used to mean installing big, system-level Windows updates (including 11 itself). As part of its broader moving of key apps into its Store, Microsoft now offers the most feature-rich version of WSL there. "The in-Windows version of WSL will still receive critical bug fixes, but the Store version of WSL is where new features and functionality will be added," Windows Developer Platform Program Manager Craig Loewen noted in a blog post. Loewen noted that the "WSL community's requests" drove Microsoft to make the latest, GUI-ready framework version available to Windows 10 users. Now a Store installation is the default, even if you use the command line (PowerShell) to install and update WSL. Now anyone whose system is capable of running WSL has access to graphical apps and (optional) systemd support, and can hopefully spend less time wondering which WSL version they have, what they need, and what the differences are.' -- source: https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/11/windows-subsystem-for-linux-with-gu… Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ Mobile +64 22 190 2375 https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Network-crashing leap seconds to be abandoned by 2035, for at least a century
by Peter Reutemann 23 Nov '22

23 Nov '22

'There are not many things you can get Facebook, Google, the United States, France, and Linus Torvalds to agree on, but one of them has come to pass. A near-unanimous vote on Friday in Versailles, France, by parties to the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM in its native French) on Resolution 4 means that starting in 2035, the leap second, the remarkably complicated way of aligning the Earth's inconsistent rotation with atomic-precision timekeeping, will see its use discontinued. Coordinated Universal Time, or UTC, will run without them until 2135. It was unclear whether any leap seconds might occur before then, though it seems unlikely. The assumption is that within those 100 years, time-focused scientists (metrologists) will have found a way to synchronize time as measured by humans to time as experienced by our planet orbiting the Sun. But most people will not notice any difference at all, even as the time difference could reach up to one minute by the end of that 100 years.' -- source: https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/11/network-crashing-leap-seconds-to-be… Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ Mobile +64 22 190 2375 https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Tumblr To Add Support For ActivityPub, the Social Protocol Powering Mastodon and Other Apps
by Peter Reutemann 22 Nov '22

22 Nov '22

'TechCrunch: Tumblr will add support for ActivityPub, the open, decentralized social networking protocol that's today powering social networking software like Twitter alternative Mastodon, the Instagram-like Pixelfed, video streaming service PeerTube, and others. The news was revealed in a response to a Twitter user's complaint about Mastodon's complexities. Automattic CEO Matt Mullenweg -- whose company acquired Tumblr from Verizon in 2019 -- suggested the user "come to Tumblr" as the site would soon "add activitypub for interconnect." "Don't stress," he said, before clarifying that Tumblr first has to deal with the waves of new users coming in right now from Twitter, but that support for "interop and activitypub" were due to come "ASAP." In short, this announcement means Tumblr would move from being only a niche blogging platform to instead become a part of a larger, decentralized social network of sorts -- and one whose user base has grown in size in recent days as people flee Elon Musk's Twitter in search of new communities. The ActivityPub protocol, its website explains, provides a client-to-server API for creating, updating, and deleting content as well as a federal server-to-server API for delivering notifications and subscribing to content. In practice, this means that Mastodon users can interact and follow users on other instances (independently run nodes), as well as with users on other social apps (like PeerTube), which also support the implementation of ActivityPub. It makes for a web of social networks where users can find and follow each other without having to set up new accounts on each new service. This is the opposite approach to today's "walled garden" social networks, where a post on one platform can't be viewed by those on others, unless you re-upload or repost the content directly or share a link to the other site where the content can be found.' -- source: https://tech.slashdot.org/story/22/11/21/2320217 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ Mobile +64 22 190 2375 https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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A History Of ARM, Part 2
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 22 Nov '22

22 Nov '22

Quite a nice article <https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/11/a-history-of-arm-part-2-everything-…> covering the founding of ARM Ltd as parent company Acorn was hitting financial headwinds. Apple played an absolutely crucial part in keeping the company viable in its early days by being among its biggest customers: the Newton PDA sold 60,000 units in its first year, which was a flop for Apple but, at $20 a unit for royalties, a big boost for ARM Ltd at the time. In those early days, the company found it an uphill struggle to be taken seriously by the bigger players. Companies like Motorola and TI had trouble appreciating why they could not create their own in-house designs instead of licensing one from ARM, even when the latter could be done for a fraction of the cost of the former. But the boss was canny and persistent enough to make the right sort of deals to build a sound basis for the company: For Robin Saxby, the idea of working with rival chip companies was always part of the strategy. “Turn your enemies into friends,” he would say. “Why should they fight you if they can make more money for themselves by collaborating with you?” Unfortunately, big companies don’t always act rationally ...

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AMD Finally Opens Up Its Radeon Raytracing Analyzer 'RRA' Source Code
by Peter Reutemann 22 Nov '22

22 Nov '22

'Michael Larabel, reporting for Phoronix: This summer AMD announced the Radeon Raytracing Analyzer "RRA" as part of their developer software suite for helping to profile ray-tracing performance/issues on Windows and Linux with both Direct3D 12 and the Vulkan API. Initially the RRA 1.0 release was binary-only but now AMD has made good on their "GPUOpen" approach and made it open-source. As noted back in my original article from July on the Radeon Raytracing Analyzer release: "Radeon Raytracing Analyzer is hosted on GitHub but the only content in the actual Git repository right now is documentation, so it would appear that at least initially this is a closed-source package though some documentation also says it's MIT licensed." Last week that was cleared up with the Radeon Raytracing Analyzer source code going public. There are build instructions for compiling the RRA 1.0 sources on both Microsoft Windows and Linux while the Linux instructions are tailoring to Ubuntu use. Building the Radeon Raytracing Analyzer depends upon the Qt 5.15 toolkit.' -- source: https://news.slashdot.org/story/22/11/21/1716219 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ Mobile +64 22 190 2375 https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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The Creator of Homebrew's Plan To Get Open Source Contributors Paid - Using Blockchain
by Peter Reutemann 21 Nov '22

21 Nov '22

'The creator of the Linux/macOS package manager Homebrew has a new package manager named Tea. But according to Stack Overflow's podcast, the software also "aims to solve the problem of providing funding for popular open source projects." While he is not a crypto bull, Max was inspired with a solution for the open source funding dilemma by his efforts to buy and sell an NFT. A contract written in code and shared in public enforced a rule sending a portion of his proceeds to the digital objects original creator. What if the same funding mechanism could be applied to open source projects?Â In March of 2022, Max and his co-founder launched Tea, a sort of spirtual successor to Homebrew. It has a lot of new features Max wanted in a package manager, plus a blockchain based approach to ensuring that creators, maintainers, and contributors of open source software can all get paid for their efforts. You can read Max's launch post on Tea here and yes, of course there is a white paper. The paper describes the proposed solution as "a decentralized system for fairly remunerating open-source developers based on their contributions to the entire ecosystem and enacted through the tea incentive algorithm applied across all entries in the tea registry." And the launch post calls tea "our revolution against a failing system," arguing "We're taking our knowledge of how to make development more efficient and throwing innovations nobody has ever really considered before. "Package managers haven't been sexy. Until now. Most importantly, we're moving the package registry on-chain (relax, we'll use a low-energy proof of stake chain). This has numerous benefits due to the inherent benefits of blockchain technology." For starters, decentralized storage will make the packages always-available and immutable, signed by maintainers themselves. But there's more: web3 has enabled novel new ways to distribute value, and with our system people who care about the health of the open source ecosystem buy some token and stake it. Periodically, we reward this staking because it is securing our token network. We give a portion of these rewards to the staker and a portion to packages of their choice along with all the dependencies of those packages. Note that no portion goes to us. We're not like the other app stores.... tea is the home to a DAO that will ensure the open source maintainers that keep the Internet running are rewarded as they deserve. An introduction to the white paper adds that in the spirit of the open source movement, "we're inviting developers, speculators, and enthusiasts alike to contribute to our white paper and help brew the future of the internet. This is our revolutionary undertaking to create equitable openâsource for web3, and we want you to be a part of laying its groundwork."' -- source: https://news.slashdot.org/story/22/11/19/2047223 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ Mobile +64 22 190 2375 https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Can Mastodon Be A Twitter Alternative?
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 18 Nov '22

18 Nov '22

This article <https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/11/7/can-mastodon-be-a-twitter-alter…> says: With Twitter in disarray since the world’s richest person took control of it last week, Mastodon, a decentralised, open alternative from privacy-obsessed Germany, has seen a flood of new users. Nevertheless, this “flood” is a mere trickle compared to the torrent of users that is Twitter -- a million or so active monthly users on the one, versus over 200 times that on the other. The decentralization of Mastodon means that no single entity can take control of it. But it also makes it harder for users to find their way around. [Mastodon creator] Rochko, whose Mastodon foundation runs on a shoestring crowdfunded budget topped up with a modest grant from the European Commission, has found a particularly receptive audience among privacy-conscious European regulators. Germany’s data protection commissioner is waging a campaign to get government bodies to close their Facebook pages, since, he says, there is no way of hosting a page there that conforms to European privacy laws. Authorities should move to the federal government’s own Mastodon instance, he says. The European Commission also maintains a server for European Union bodies to toot from. Yeah ... “toot” ...

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DuckDuckGo’s anti-tracking Android tool could be “even more powerful” than iOS
by Peter Reutemann 17 Nov '22

17 Nov '22

'Privacy-focused search site DuckDuckGo has added yet another way to prevent more of your data from going to advertisers, opening its App Tracking Protection for Android to beta testers. DuckDuckGo is positioning App Tracking Protection as something like Apple's App Tracking Transparency for iOS devices, but "even more powerful." Enabling the service in the DuckDuckGo app for Android (under the "More from DuckDuckGo" section) installs a local VPN service on your phone, which can then start automatically blocking trackers on DDG's public blocklist. DuckDuckGo says this happens "without sending app data to DuckDuckGo or other remote servers."' -- source: https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/11/duckduckgos-android-anti-tracking-t… Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Fedora 37 Now Available With GNOME 43 Desktop, Official Raspberry Pi 4 Support
by Peter Reutemann 17 Nov '22

17 Nov '22

'Fedora 37 is now officially released. From a report: Fedora 37 brings the GNOME 43 desktop to Fedora Workstation 37, updated toolchain components like Glibc 2.36 and LLVM 15 and Binutils 2.38, official support for the Raspberry Pi 4, retiring 32-bit ARMv7 support, Fedora CoreOS has been promoted to a Fedora Edition, Perl 5.36, Python 3.11, RPM 4.18, LXQt 1.1, and a wealth of other updated packages.' -- source: https://linux.slashdot.org/story/22/11/16/1744258 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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India Lifts Download Ban On VLC
by Peter Reutemann 15 Nov '22

15 Nov '22

'India has lifted the download ban on VLC, more than nine months after it mysteriously blocked the official website of the popular media playback software in the South Asian market. From a report: VideoLAN, the popular software's developer, filed a legal notice last month seeking an explanation from the nation's IT and Telecom ministries for the block order. The Ministry of Electronics and IT has removed its ban on the website of VLC media player, New Delhi-based advocacy group Internet Freedom Foundation, which provided legal support to VideoLAN, said on Monday. VideoLAN confirmed the order. Indian telecom operators began blocking VideoLAN's official website, where it lists links to downloading VLC, in February of this year, VideoLAN president and lead developer Jean-Baptiste Kempf told TechCrunch in an earlier interview. India is one of the largest markets for VLC.' -- source: https://news.slashdot.org/story/22/11/14/1130222 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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OpenPrinting Keeps Old Printers Working -- Even On Windows
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 12 Nov '22

12 Nov '22

This report from the Ubuntu Summit <https://www.theregister.com/2022/11/10/openprinting_keeps_old_printers_work…> I think nicely highlights the inevitable consequences of Microsoft allowing Linux into Windows with WSL2. Linux has long had better support for older printers and other hardware than Windows. Even after the vendors of the products drop support for their Windows drivers, others have found ways to create and maintain open-source drivers for those products. Now, the circle is turning back, with these same open-source drivers being offered back to Windows users, by running them on the Linux subsystem under WSL2. I don’t think it’s a coincidence that this offering is coming from Ubuntu/Canonical, given their increasingly cosy relationship with Microsoft. Sure, if you want to talk “Embrace, Extend, Extinguish”, just note that the platform being “embraced” and “extended” is not Linux being extended with formerly Windows-only capabilities, but Windows being extended with formerly Linux-only capabilities. As Microsoft and other vendors increasingly realize that, instead of developing proprietary Windows-only drivers, it is much less work to encourage the creation of open-source ones for Linux, that Windows can also use in this way via WSL2, where do you think this is going to lead?

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Lenovo Driver Goof Poses Security Risk for Users of 25 Notebook Models
by Peter Reutemann 11 Nov '22

11 Nov '22

'More than two dozen Lenovo notebook models are vulnerable to malicious hacks that disable the UEFI secure-boot process and then run unsigned UEFI apps or load bootloaders that permanently backdoor a device, researchers warned on Wednesday. From a report: At the same time that researchers from security firm ESET disclosed the vulnerabilities, the notebook maker released security updates for 25 models, including ThinkPads, Yoga Slims, and IdeaPads. Vulnerabilities that undermine the UEFI secure boot can be serious because they make it possible for attackers to install malicious firmware that survives multiple operating system reinstallations. Short for Unified Extensible Firmware Interface, UEFI is the software that bridges a computer's device firmware with its operating system. As the first piece of code to run when virtually any modern machine is turned on, it's the first link in the security chain. Because the UEFI resides in a flash chip on the motherboard, infections are difficult to detect and remove. Typical measures such as wiping the hard drive and reinstalling the OS have no meaningful impact because the UEFI infection will simply reinfect the computer afterward. ESET said the vulnerabilities -- tracked as CVE-2022-3430, CVE-2022-3431, and CVE-2022-3432 -- "allow disabling UEFI Secure Boot or restoring factory default Secure Boot databases (incl. dbx): all simply from an OS." Secure boot uses databases to allow and deny mechanisms. The DBX database, in particular, stores cryptographic hashes of denied keys. Disabling or restoring default values in the databases makes it possible for an attacker to remove restrictions that would normally be in place.' -- source: https://it.slashdot.org/story/22/11/10/1610252 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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SPARK: A Competitor To Rust?
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 09 Nov '22

09 Nov '22

Here’s another contender for a modern language that is low-level yet emphasizes minimization of bugs, to compete with the likes of Rust: it’s called SPARK <https://devclass.com/2022/11/08/spark-as-good-as-rust-for-safer-coding-adac…>. It’s not a completely new language, since according to the report it is a subset of Ada. The original Ada language came about in the 1980s out of a competition organized by the US Department of Defense, to create a language specifically designed for programming embedded and safety-critical systems. The most high-profile application of it that I know of is that the life-support systems on the International Space Station are written in Ada, and run on ancient (but well-tested) Intel 386 processors. So I would say that’s a good pedigree to start from.

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The Linux Kernel Has Been Forcing Different Behavior For Processes Starting With 'X'
by Peter Reutemann 09 Nov '22

09 Nov '22

'"An ugly hack within the Linux kernel that has been in mainline for over three years has been called out," writes Phoronix's Michael Larabel. "Due to a buggy X.Org Server / xf86-video-modesetting DDX, the Linux kernel has been imposing different behavior on whether a process starts with 'X' and in turn disable the atomic mode-setting support." Linux security researcher and WireGuard creator, Jason Donenfeld, discovered the 'ugly code' within the kernel and commented on it via the kernel mailing list. "The commit to this kernel with the 'X' first character check was made back in September 2019," notes Larabel. "The 'good' news is that since then on user-space side back in 2019 the xf86-video-modesetting code went ahead and disabled atomic support by default. So technically if running an updated X.Org stack within the past three years, this kernel hack isn't necessary anymore since user-space is just then avoiding the atomic API."' -- source: https://linux.slashdot.org/story/22/11/08/2211244 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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KDE: Stopping The Windows/Super Key From Popping Up The App Menu
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 07 Nov '22

07 Nov '22

I thought I had this disabled before, but KDE Plasma has this feature where you just need to press and release the Super key (or “Windows” key, if your keyboard has the proprietary logo on it), and the application menu will appear. It seems there is no GUI setting to disable this, but you can turn it off according to this <https://superuser.com/questions/1156130/kde-disable-super-l-windows-key-key…>. First, make the described edit to your KWin config file, in ~/.config/kwinrc, which you can do conveniently with kwriteconfig5 --file kwinrc --group ModifierOnlyShortcuts --key Meta "" Then either log out your GUI session and log in again, or try just restarting your window manager with kwin_x11 --replace & in some convenient terminal window. The writeup above doesn’t mention putting the “&” on the end, so KWin remains attached to that terminal session, which means you can’t use it for anything else ...

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Outlawing Dark Patterns
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 05 Nov '22

05 Nov '22

“Dark patterns” is a term coined to describe user interfaces designed to manipulate people into giving up time, money or personal data that they didn’t intend to. A common example is the obstacle course you often have to go through to cancel a subscription to something online. Another example is the use of countdown timers to rush buyers into hasty decisions. They may not be out-and-out deceptive, but they do come close. Now, the US states of California and Washington are looking to pass laws to restrict this practice. <https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2021/01/lawmakers-take-aim-at-insidious…>

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New Hampshire Set To Pilot Voting Machines That Use Open-Source Software
by Peter Reutemann 04 Nov '22

04 Nov '22

'According to The Record, New Hampshire will pilot a new kind of voting machine that will use open-source software to tally the votes. The Record reports: The software that runs voting machines is typically distributed in a kind of black box -- like a car with its hood sealed shut. Because the election industry in the U.S. is dominated by three companies -- Dominion, Election Systems & Software and Hart InterCivic -- the software that runs their machines is private. The companies consider it their intellectual property and that has given rise to a roster of unfounded conspiracy theories about elections and their fairness. New Hampshire's experiment with open-source software is meant to address exactly that. The software by its very design allows you to pop the hood, modify the code, make suggestions for how to make it better, and work with other people to make it run more smoothly. The thinking is, if voting machines run on software anyone can audit and run, it is less likely to give rise to allegations of vote rigging. The effort to make voting machines more transparent is the work of a group called VotingWorks. [...] On November 8, VotingWorks machines will be used in a real election in real time. New Hampshire is the second state to use the open-source machines after Mississippi first did so in 2019. Some 3,000 voters will run their paper ballots through the new machines, and then, to ensure nothing went awry, those same votes will be hand counted in a public session in Concord, N.H. Anyone who cares to will be able to see if the new machines recorded the votes correctly. The idea is to make clear there is nothing to hide. If someone is worried that a voting machine is programmed to flip a vote to their opponent, they can simply hire a computer expert to examine it and see, in real time. ' -- source: https://politics.slashdot.org/story/22/11/03/2155238 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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iproute2 Docs
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 04 Nov '22

04 Nov '22

The “ip” command, aka the “iproute2” suite, offers a huge amount of functionality for managing the Linux network stack. The initial man page, “man ip”, gives an overview, and (at least on my current system) ends with references to more: SEE ALSO ip-address(8), ip-addrlabel(8), ip-ioam(8), ip-l2tp(8), ip-link(8), ip-maddress(8), ip-monitor(8), ip-mptcp(8), ip-mroute(8), ip-neighbour(8), ip-netns(8), ip-ntable(8), ip-route(8), ip-rule(8), ip-stats(8) ip-tcp_metrics(8), ip-token(8), ip-tunnel(8), ip-vrf(8), ip-xfrm(8) IP Command reference ip-cref.ps That “ip-cref.ps” file doesn’t seem to be included in any Debian packages I can see. However, when I look in the /usr/share/man/man8 directory, I find a few more man pages not mentioned in the above list: ip-nexthop.8.gz ip-fou.8.gz ip-macsec.8.gz ip-gue.8.gz (symlink to ip-fou.8.gz) ip-netconf.8.gz ip-sr.8.gz That “ip fou”/“ip gue” command lets you tunnel arbitrary IP protocols over a pair of UDP ports. The home page for online docs is at <https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/networking/iproute2>. Among the links is this nice step-by-step intro to doing some useful things with it <https://lartc.org/howto/lartc.iproute2.html>.

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The Godot Game Engine Now Has Its Own Foundation
by Peter Reutemann 04 Nov '22

04 Nov '22

'The Godot Engine now has its own foundation to continue funding themselves. Previously, they teamed up with the Software Freedom Conservancy to handle fiscal sponsorship duties. Phoronix reports: The Godot engine developers and Software Freedom Conservancy mutually agreed to move the open-source game engine project to its own foundation. The Godot Foundation has been setup in the Netherlands as its own organization modeled after the policies of the SFC. The Godot Foundation is to help this game engine achieve its next level of growth and project a stronger image for the project. "We have just started the process of moving to the Foundation," writes Godot Engine lead developer, Juan Linietsky, in a blog post. "For now all of Godot's funding and contractors are still managed by the SFC. The SFC will gradually reduce its work for Godot and the new foundation will slowly ramp up. Stay tuned for announcements in the future as we finalize the Foundation's organizational structure and officially begin operations." More details can be found via the Godot Engine blog.' -- source: https://news.slashdot.org/story/22/11/02/2045240 Anyone keen to showcase this engine at one of our meetings? Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Google Ad For GIMP.org Served Info-Stealing Malware Via Lookalike
by Peter Reutemann 03 Nov '22

03 Nov '22

'A report from BleepingComputer, written by Ax Sharma: Searching for 'GIMP' on Google as recently as last week would show visitors an ad for 'GIMP.org,' the official website of the well known graphics editor, GNU Image Manipulation Program. This ad would appear to be legitimate as it'd state 'GIMP.org' as the destination domain. But clicking on it drove visitors to a lookalike phishing website that provided them with a 700 MB executable disguised as GIMP which, in reality, was malware. Reddit user ZachIngram04 earlier shared the development stating that the ad previously took users to a Dropbox URL to serve malware, but was soon "replaced with an even more malicious one" which employed a fake replica website 'gilimp.org' to serve malware. BleepingCompuer observed another domain 'gimp.monster' related to this campaign. To pass off the trojanized executable as GIMP in a believable manner to the user, the threat actor artificially inflated the malware, that is otherwise under 5 MB in size, to 700 MB by a simple technique known as binary padding. It still isn't clear if this instance was a slip up caused by a potential bug in Google Ad Manager that allowed malvertising.' -- source: https://tech.slashdot.org/story/22/11/02/1944255 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Mastodon Gained 70,000 Users After Musk's Twitter Takeover
by Peter Reutemann 03 Nov '22

03 Nov '22

'"More than 70,000 users joined Mastodon on the day after Musk's Twitter takeover announcement," writes Slashdot reader votsalo. "Mastodon is a six-year-old decentralized social media platform that uses 'federated' servers." The Guardian's Wilfred Chan writes: I joined Mastodon this week, and it took a few hours just to master its new vocabulary. Some of it is a little silly-sounding: instead of tweets, you have "toots". Things get trickier after that. Mastodon is not a single website but a network of thousands of websites called "instances", also called servers. These servers are "federated", which means they are run by different entities but can still communicate with each other without needing to go through a central system. And the space they all exist in is called the "fediverse," which some savvy tooters call "the Fedi." When you sign up for Mastodon, the first thing you do is choose a server. There are general-purpose ones, such as mastodon.social, as well as ones aimed at interest groups, such as kpop.social or linuxrocks.online. There are also joke servers like dolphin.town, where the only thing users are allowed to post is the letter "e". The server becomes part of your username (for example, wilfred(a)kpop.social), and the toots you see on your feed are toots from your server-mates, rather than from the entire fediverse. But you're also free to toot at people from other servers and even "boost" their public toots on to your feed. That's how Mastodon creates a unified global experience without being controlled by one entity, said Eugen Rochko, Mastodon's Germany-based founder and lead developer. "The servers are service providers, like Hotmail and Gmail are for email. It doesn't mean that the different servers are isolated from each other, like old school forums," he said. "Having just one account allows you to follow and interact with anyone in this global decentralized social network." But Mastodon's model comes with its own risks. If the server you join disappears, you could lose everything, just like if your email provider shut down. A Mastodon server admin also has ultimate control over everything you do: if for some reason the owner of kpop.social doesn't like that I boosted a toot from dolphin.town, they could remove it or even "defederate" the server, which would block all dolphin toots from the k-pop server completely. A server admin could also snoop on my private toots if they wanted to -- or delete my account for any reason. While Mastadon's 70,000 jump in users sounds impressive, it's "still a drop in a bucket compared with Twitter's reported 450 million daily active users," says Chan. The decentralized software also remains difficult for many people to use. According to TechCrunch, Mastadon says it has "gained 123,562 new users as of October 27, 2022 and now has 528,607 active users on the network as of October 31, 2022."' -- source: https://tech.slashdot.org/story/22/11/02/1958241 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Backblaze: Buying Cheaper, Less Reliable Drives Can Be Worth It
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 02 Nov '22

02 Nov '22

Backup company Backblaze has put out another juicy status report on the reliability of its massive collection of hard drives <https://blocksandfiles.com/2022/11/01/backblaze-disk-drives/>. This one has some interesting numbers on the cost of dealing with drive failures -- it seems the hardware cost of these to the company is zero, as the failed drives get sent back to the vendors for full credit or replacement. (I guess if you buy a few thousand units at a time, you get special deals like this.) Since the company is in the business of providing sufficient redundancy that the impact of a drive failure on data integrity is essentially zero, the main cost of a failure becomes the labour cost of putting in a new drive, which comes to $300. Looked at this way, looking at the table which compares three models of drive, with unit costs ranging from $225 up to $275, and corresponding annualized failure rates of 1.5% down to 0.5%, it turns out the cheaper, flakier drive is the better deal -- amortized over a five-year service lifetime, the increased labour cost of replacing failed drives is easily outweighed by the savings in buying the drives in the first place.

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OpenSSL 3 patch, once Heartbleed-level “critical,” arrives as a lesser “high”
by Peter Reutemann 02 Nov '22

02 Nov '22

'An OpenSSL vulnerability once signaled as the first critical-level patch since the Internet-reshaping Heartbleed bug has just been patched. It ultimately arrived as a "high" security fix for a buffer overflow, one that affects all OpenSSL 3.x installations, but is unlikely to lead to remote code execution. OpenSSL version 3.0.7 was announced last week as a critical security fix release. The specific vulnerabilities (now CVE-2022-37786 and CVE-2022-3602) had been largely unknown until today, but analysts and businesses in the web security field hinted there could be notable problems and maintenance pain. Some Linux distributions, including Fedora, held up releases until the patch was available. Distribution giant Akamai noted before the patch that half of their monitored networks had at least one machine with a vulnerable OpenSSL 3.x instance, and among those networks, between 0.2 and 33 percent of machines were vulnerable. But the specific vulnerabilities—limited-circumstance, client-side overflows that are mitigated by the stack layout on most modern platforms—are now patched, and rated as "High." And with OpenSSL 1.1.1 still in its long-term support phase, OpenSSL 3.x is not nearly as widespread.' -- source: https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2022/11/openssl-3-patch-once… Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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LineageOS flashing
by Peter Reutemann 01 Nov '22

01 Nov '22

Hi everyone Since I've talked about flashing LineageOS on Android phones before... In the past, I've always used TWRP (https://twrp.me/) as recovery tool on the phones. However, the tools has been lagging behind with Android 12 support and the 3.7.0 release (which in theory added Android 12 support) failed on my old Galaxy S7 (I'm using custom ROMs supplied by Ivan Meier). Unfortunately, OrangeFox Recovery, which seems a popular alternative to TWRP, didn't support my Galaxy S7. However, I found a little workaround for that dilemma: though I used TWRP to install Android 11, during the setup process I then ticked the box to also update the recovery tool with LineageOS recovery with the every subsequent update. After updating the phone to the latest Android 11, I had LineageOS recovery on there which has (working) support for Android 12 and I managed to upgrade successfully to 12. Just in case somebody runs into a similar problem... Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Vanilla OS: More Than Just Vanilla GNOME With Ubuntu
by Peter Reutemann 31 Oct '22

31 Oct '22

'Slashdot reader Soul_Predator writes: Vanilla OS is Ubuntu on stock GNOME, with on-demand immutability and package selection freedom. It is currently a beta project, with a stable release planned for the next month. "The first-time setup process is a breeze to experience," writes It's FOSS News, applauding how it lets uses choose and enable Flatpak/Snap/AppImage. Overall, a package manager that installs applications utilizing a container, getting the ability to choose your package managers, on-demand immutability, and vanilla GNOME make it seem like a good deal to keep an eye on... I'd say it is a project that I believe a lot of users will appreciate. You can download the ISO by joining its Discord channel for now. The ISO is not yet publicly available to all. Take a look at its documentation if you are curious. However, as per the roadmap, they plan to have a release candidate soon enough. ' -- source: https://tech.slashdot.org/story/22/10/29/1953233 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Teaching The Kids To Be Safe Online
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 30 Oct '22

30 Oct '22

A program is being introduced into schools to give students a better appreciation for how to keep themselves safe online <https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/education/130292250/students-urged-to-be-l…>. It covers things like spotting phishing attacks, and avoiding making personal information public that you might regret later: Naenae College principal Nic Richards said while students were experts in social media, parents and teachers were aware that “the decisions made now can exist online forever.” “Experts” in putting information up and interacting with other users, not so savvy perhaps in understanding the consequences of doing so. And maybe some of what they learn will rub off on others in their family ... including their parents?

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“You must enable DRM to play some audio or video on this page.”
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 28 Oct '22

28 Oct '22

I have seen Firefox give me this message that I need to “enable DRM” (i.e. install support for Encrypted Media Extensions) when I visit certain pages. One site that is currently triggering this for me is Metservice <https://www.metservice.com/towns-cities/locations/hamilton>. Yet I can’t see anything on that page that I might be blocked from playing. There is a Video Forecast clip, but I seem to be able to play that OK. Anybody else get this message?

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'Old/Weird Laptops' Sought To Help Test Linux Kernel Backlight Drivers
by Peter Reutemann 28 Oct '22

28 Oct '22

'Do you have a laptop that's either "pretty old" or "weird in some other way"? Did it ship without Windows from the factory, or did you flash its firmware with coreboot? You could help the Linux kernel move its backlight code forward without abandoning quirky gear like yours. ArsTechnica: Hans de Goede, a longtime Linux developer and principal engineer at Red Hat, writes on his Livejournal about the need to test "a special group of laptops" to prevent their backlight controls from disappearing in Linux kernel 6.1. Old laptop tests are needed because de Goede is initiating some major changes to user-space backlight controls, something he has been working on since 2014. As detailed at Linux blog Phoronix, there are multiple issues with how Linux tries to address the wide variety of backlight schemes in displays, which de Goede laid out at the recent Linux Plumbers Conference. There can be multiple backlight devices operating a single display, leaving high-level controls to "guess which one will work." Brightness control requires root permissions at the moment. And "0" passed along as a backlight value remains a conundrum, as the engineer pointed out in 2014: Is that entirely off, or as low as the display can be lit?' -- source: https://linux.slashdot.org/story/22/10/27/1920206 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Systemd Supremo Proposes Tightening up Linux Boot Process
by Peter Reutemann 27 Oct '22

27 Oct '22

'Lennart Poettering's latest blog post proposes moving the Linux boot process into a "Brave New Trusted Boot World" of cryptographically signed Unified Kernel Images. From a report: Agent Poettering offers a mechanism for tightening up the security of the system startup process on Linux machines, using TPM 2.0 hardware. In brief, what he sees as the problem is that on hardware with Secure Boot enabled, while the boot process up to and including the kernel is signed, the next step, loading the initrd, is not. That's what he wants to fix. ' -- source: https://it.slashdot.org/story/22/10/26/1743234 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Passkeys Are Finally Here
by Peter Reutemann 26 Oct '22

26 Oct '22

'Ars Technica: Generically, passkeys refer to various schemes for storing authenticating information in hardware, a concept that has existed for more than a decade. What's different now is that Microsoft, Apple, Google, and a consortium of other companies have unified around a single passkey standard shepherded by the FIDO Alliance. Not only are passkeys easier for most people to use than passwords; they are also completely resistant to credential phishing, credential stuffing, and similar account takeover attacks. On Monday, PayPal said US-based users would soon have the option of logging in using FIDO-based passkeys, joining Kayak, eBay, Best Buy, CardPointers, and WordPress as online services that will offer the password alternative. In recent months, Microsoft, Apple, and Google have all updated their operating systems and apps to enable passkeys. Passkey support is still spotty. Passkeys stored on iOS or macOS will work on Windows, for instance, but the reverse isn't yet available. In the coming months, all of that should be ironed out, though. Passkeys work almost identically to the FIDO authenticators that allow us to use our phones, laptops, computers, and Yubico or Feitian security keys for multi-factor authentication. Just like the FIDO authenticators stored on these MFA devices, passkeys are invisible and integrate with Face ID, Windows Hello, or other biometric readers offered by device makers. There's no way to retrieve the cryptographic secrets stored in the authenticators short of physically dismantling the device or subjecting it to a jailbreak or rooting attack. Even if an adversary was able to extract the cryptographic secret, they still would have to supply the fingerprint, facial scan, or -- in the absence of biometric capabilities -- the PIN that's associated with the token. What's more, hardware tokens use FIDO's Cross-Device Authentication flow, or CTAP, which relies on Bluetooth Low Energy to verify the authenticating device is in close physical proximity to the device trying to log in. "Users no longer need to enroll each device for each service, which has long been the case for FIDO (and for any public key cryptography)," said Andrew Shikiar, FIDO's executive director and chief marketing officer. "By enabling the private key to be securely synced across an OS cloud, the user needs to only enroll once for a service, and then is essentially pre-enrolled for that service on all of their other devices. This brings better usability for the end-user and -- very significantly -- allows the service provider to start retiring passwords as a means of account recovery and re-enrollment." In other words: "Passkeys just trade WebAuthn cryptographic keys with the website directly," says Ars Review Editor Ron Amadeo. "There's no need for a human to tell a password manager to generate, store, and recall a secret -- that will all happen automatically, with way better secrets than what the old text box supported, and with uniqueness enforced." If you're eager to give passkeys a try, you can use this demo site created by security company Hanko.' -- source: https://yro.slashdot.org/story/22/10/25/1912214 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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meeting next *Tuesday*
by Peter Reutemann 26 Oct '22

26 Oct '22

Hi everyone We have a meeting next week on Tuesday (not Monday, due to Labour Day) with the following topic: "Ever wondered what Docker was all about? Peter Reutemann will give a hands-on introduction into the tool and show you why it is so useful." Details: https://www.meetup.com/waikatolinuxusersgroup/events/283776731/ Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Memtest86+ Is Back After 9 Years
by Peter Reutemann 26 Oct '22

26 Oct '22

'Memtest86+ just got its first update after 9 years. The program has reportedly been rewritten from scratch and is back in active development. The new version, 6.0, features a plethora of updates to bring the application up to date, and support the latest system hardware from Intel and AMD. Tom's Hardware reports: For the uninitiated, MemTest86 was originally created back in the mid 1990s, and was one of the earliest DDR memory testing applications for personal computers. But development stopped in 2013 once Memtest86 was split into Memtest86 and Memtest86", with the former being bought by PassMark. Officially, we don't know why development stopped. But compared to the now modern Memtest86, Memtest86+ is the open-source variant. Needless to say, version 6.00 features a lot of updates, which were required to bring it up to modern standards compared to the 2013 version. The new version includes completely rewritten code for UEFI-based motherboards, the modern version of a BIOS, for both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of the application. Furthermore, the application features added support for x64 long mode paging, support for up to 256 cores, added detection for DDR4 and DDR5 memory -- since DDR3 was the latest memory standard in 2013 -- and adds support for XMP version 3.0. CPU support has been significantly enhanced, addingdetection for all pre-Zen and AMD Zen-based processors ranging from the Ryzen 1000 series to 7000 series, and any older parts that were made after 2013. Intel support has also been added for chips up to 13th gen Raptor Lake. Finally, the last patch notes indicate version 6.0 adds support for older Nvidia and AMD chipsets - probably pre-2010 since it mentions Nvidia nForce chipsets, along with numerous bug fixes, optimizations and enhancements.' -- source: https://hardware.slashdot.org/story/22/10/24/2315242 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Just When You Thought Y2K Was Done And Dusted ...
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 25 Oct '22

25 Oct '22

Remember what the whole Y2K issue was like, over a quarter-century ago? And all the work that had to be done to fix it? You’d think that lessons were learned, software developers would be wiser, and henceforth they would always use four digits for year numbers, so that a situation like that would not occur again. Guess again. Recently I hit a situation where a piece of software was *still* using just two digits for year numbers. Basically it was maintaining Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) for OpenVPN connections; these have an expiry date, in the form of the “nextupdate” field, to ensure that outdated lists are regularly replaced with fresh ones, to reduce the chance that anybody is inadvertently continuing to use compromised keys. The software in question is pfSense, from Netgate <https://forum.netgate.com/topic/172870/crl-has-expired>. The standard format for these CRLs can handle a full range of dates, but the internal system on pfSense for generating them can only handle years from 1950 to 2049. The generated CRLs were being given validity durations of 9999 days, which was fine up until about August this year, when the expiry date went past 2049, and wrapped around to 1950. On an incoming connection attempt, OpenSSL would check the CRL, find it invalid, and cause OpenVPN to drop the connection. The forum discussion above links to a patch to fix the issue. Only the patch doesn’t really make for a permanent fix: all it does is reduce the assigned validity duration from 9999 days to 730 days; the actual underlying software is still only working with 2-digit year numbers. This gives Netgate a few decades’ breathing room to come up with a proper fix.

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Online Misinformation Monitor Newsletter
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 20 Oct '22

20 Oct '22

Came across this useful series of monthly reports <https://www.newsguardtech.com/misinformation-monitor/> on how online services are being conduits for spreading misinformation and disinformation. Don’t trust them? Learn to watch out for those who keep insisting they are correct, versus those who are willing to offer reasons why they are correct (and are willing to correct their mistakes) <https://www.newsguardtech.com/about/why-should-you-trust-us/>.

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Firefox 106 Is Now Available With PDF Annotation, Firefox View
by Peter Reutemann 20 Oct '22

20 Oct '22

'Firefox 106 is now available for download, bringing various new features and enhancements, such as a new PDF editing feature and new way to organize recently closed tabs. 9to5Linux reports: Mozilla says that Firefox 106 finally brings the long-anticipated two-finger swipe horizontal gesture for navigating back and forward on a website without having to hold down the Alt key. [...] Firefox 106 also introduces annotation capabilities to the built-in PDF viewer so you can write text, draw, or add signatures on PDF files. You'll be able to change the size and color of the text tool, as well as the thickness, opacity, and color of the draw tool. Another interesting new feature of the Firefox 106 release is called Firefox View, which is implemented as a pinned tab, promising to help you get back to the content you've previously discovered by allowing you to switch seamlessly between your devices running Firefox. On top of all that, Firefox 106 also brings major WebRTC changes to improve Windows and Wayland screen sharing, RTP performance and reliability, statistics, and more. There are also the usual bug and security fixes to make Firefox more stable and reliable on your system. ' -- source: https://news.slashdot.org/story/22/10/19/2053217 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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In Praise of FFmpeg
by Peter Reutemann 19 Oct '22

19 Oct '22

'Drew DeVault, prolific FOSS blogger and hacker behind SourceHut, Sway, wlroots, and many other projects, writes in a blog post: I have relied on ffmpeg for many tasks and for many years. It has always been there to handle any little multimedia-related task I might put it to for personal use -- re-encoding audio files so they fit on my phone, taking clips from videos to share, muxing fonts into mkv files, capturing video from my webcam, live streaming hacking sessions on my own platform, or anything else I can imagine. It formed the foundation of MediaCrush back in the day, where we used it to optimize multimedia files for efficient viewing on the web, back when that was more difficult than "just transcode it to a webm." ffmpeg is notable for being one of the first large-scale FOSS projects to completely eradicate proprietary software in its niche. Virtually all multimedia-related companies rely on ffmpeg to do their heavy lifting. It took a complex problem and solved it, with free software. The book is now closed on multimedia: ffmpeg is the solution to almost all of your problems. And if it's not, you're more likely to patch ffmpeg than to develop something new. The code is accessible and the community are experts in your problem domain. ffmpeg is one of the foremost pillars of achievement in free software. It has touched the lives of every reader, whether they know it or not. If you've ever watched TV, or gone to a movie, or watched videos online, or listened to a podcast, odds are that ffmpeg was involved in making it possible. It is one of the most well-executed and important software projects of all time.' -- source: https://tech.slashdot.org/story/22/10/17/188205 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Google Announces KataOS
by Peter Reutemann 19 Oct '22

19 Oct '22

'Last Friday, Google announced the release of KataOS, a security-minded operating system focused on embedded devices running ambient machine learning workloads. As Phoronix notes, it uses the Rust programming language and is "built atop the seL4 microkernel as its foundatin." From Google's Open-Source Blog: As the foundation for this new operating system, we chose seL4 as the microkernel because it puts security front and center; it is mathematically proven secure, with guaranteed confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Through the seL4 CAmkES framework, we're also able to provide statically-defined and analyzable system components. KataOS provides a verifiably-secure platform that protects the user's privacy because it is logically impossible for applications to breach the kernel's hardware security protections and the system components are verifiably secure. KataOS is also implemented almost entirely in Rust, which provides a strong starting point for software security, since it eliminates entire classes of bugs, such as off-by-one errors and buffer overflows. The current GitHub release includes most of the KataOS core pieces, including the frameworks we use for Rust (such as the sel4-sys crate, which provides seL4 syscall APIs), an alternate rootserver written in Rust (needed for dynamic system-wide memory management), and the kernel modifications to seL4 that can reclaim the memory used by the rootserver. KataOS code is being worked on via GitHub under the AmbiML umbrella.' -- source: https://tech.slashdot.org/story/22/10/17/2256206 Someone keen to demo this at one of our next meetings? Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Linus Torvalds To Kernel Devs: Grow Up and Stop Pulling All-Nighters Just Before Deadline
by Peter Reutemann 19 Oct '22

19 Oct '22

'Linux kernel boss Linus Torvalds has released the first release candidate for version 6.1 of the project and added an appeal for developers to make his life easier by adding code earlier in the development cycle. The Register reports: "Let me just say that after I got my machine sorted out and caught up with the merge window, I was somewhat frustrated with various late pull requests. I've mentioned this before, but it's _really_ quite annoying to get quite a few pull requests in the last few days of the merge window." He then offered further guidance on how kernel devs can do it right. "Yes, the merge window is two weeks, but that's very much to allow me time to look things over, not 'two weeks to hurriedly put together a branch that you send Linus on Friday of the second week'," he wrote. "The whole 'do an all-nighter to get the paper in the day before the deadline' is something that should have gone out the window after high school. Not for kernel development." His next line was: "You know who you are." "Anyway, it's not the first time I've said this, I doubt it will be the last. But maybe more people could take it to heart, ok?" he added, before concluding his post with a slightly non-traditional call for testers to visit Linux's git tree because "The merge window may not be the biggest ever, but it's certainly big enough that the shortlog is much too big to post, and below is just my usual merge log." "For all the gory details, please refer to the git tree."' -- source: https://linux.slashdot.org/story/22/10/17/220230 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Ubuntu's New Terminal 'Ad' is Angering Users
by Peter Reutemann 19 Oct '22

19 Oct '22

'Joey Sneddon, reporting at OMG! Ubuntu: In September I tweeted a screenshot of something unexpected that has started to show up in the terminal when I ran system updates. It didn't enrage me at the time (and it kinda still doesn't) but I did find it a little ... Off. Now, if you're suitably tuned-in to the Linux newswire and/or an avid attendee of social media you'll probably heard about the drama in question. If you haven't, then allow me to... Yes, the furore is over an "ad" for Ubuntu Pro, Canonical's revamped support offering that replaces/augments Ubuntu Advantage (which has been around for many years) that appears in the terminal when managing system updates. Other people are calling it an "ad" (hence quote marks). I prefer the term plug (which, it turns out, some people aren't familiar with; it means to mention something in order to promote it). For although this sentence is technically advertising something, in this case Ubuntu Pro, the offering itself is free for regular users (on up-to five devices). Thus, it's not like this is an "ad" that generates Canonical revenue. It's more akin to a public service announcement to raise awareness.' -- source: https://news.slashdot.org/story/22/10/18/1847203 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Xv6 Open-Source Teaching OS
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 17 Oct '22

17 Oct '22

You may know that the MINIX operating system, the inspiration for Linux, was created for teaching purposes (namely, Andrew Tanenbaum’s “Operating Systems” textbook). In the same vein, Xv6 is a newer teaching OS from MIT <https://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.828/2022/xv6.html>, for use in an undergraduate operating systems course. Originally it was implemented on x86, but now it has moved to RISC-V. The inspiration for Xv6 was the old 6th Edition Unix from Bell Labs from 1975, back when it only ran on DEC PDP-11 processors. This OS version was the subject of the famous “Lions book” <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Commentary_on_the_UNIX_Operating_System>, circulation of which was supposed to be restricted to those with licences to the Unix source code. And then with the 7th Edition, AT&T even forbade classroom use of this source code. Nevertheless, the book still spread via, shall we say, samizdat ... The Xv6 GitHub area is here <https://github.com/mit-pdos>.

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Pine64 Announces 'Sub-$10, Linux-Capable' SBC - the Ox64
by Peter Reutemann 17 Oct '22

17 Oct '22

'Pine64 has announced a new "sub $10 Linux capable single board computer" called the Ox64. Liliputing says the tiny SBC "looks a lot like a Raspberry Pi Pico. But while Raspberry Pi's tiny board is powered by an RP2040 microcontroller, the Ox64 has a dual-core RISC-V processor, 64MB of embedded RAM, and support for up to 128Mb of flash storage plus a microSD card for additional storage." It's expected to support RTOS and Linux and blurs the lines between a microcontroller and a (very low power) single-board PC. It's expected to go on sale in November with prices starting at $6 for an RTOS-ready version of the board and $8 for a Linux-compatible model. As spotted by CNX Software earlier this month, the board is designed to be a small, inexpensive single-board computer with a RISC-V processor that's aimed at developers. Pine64's October update also reveals that their Star64 and QuartzPro64 single-board computers "now boot Linux (and run it well too already!)"' -- source: https://news.slashdot.org/story/22/10/15/2314226 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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