- wlug - list.wlug.org.nz

New Spectre V2 Attack Impacts Linux Systems On Intel CPUs
by Peter Reutemann 14 Apr '24

14 Apr '24

'BleepingComputer reports: Researchers have demonstrated the "first native Spectre v2 exploit" for a new speculative execution side-channel flaw that impacts Linux systems running on many modern Intel processors. Spectre V2 is a new variant of the original Spectre attack discovered by a team of researchers at the VUSec group from VU Amsterdam. The researchers also released a tool that uses symbolic execution to identify exploitable code segments within the Linux kernel to help with mitigation. The new finding underscores the challenges in balancing performance optimization with security, which makes addressing fundamental CPU flaws complicated even six years after the discovery of the original Spectre.... As the CERT Coordination Center (CERT/CC) disclosed yesterday, the new flaw, tracked as CVE-2024-2201, allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary memory data by leveraging speculative execution, bypassing present security mechanisms designed to isolate privilege levels. "An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability to leak privileged memory from the CPU by speculatively jumping to a chosen gadget," reads the CERT/CC announcement. "Current research shows that existing mitigation techniques of disabling privileged eBPF and enabling (Fine)IBT are insufficient in stopping BHI exploitation against the kernel/hypervisor." ' -- source: https://linux.slashdot.org/story/24/04/13/1911230 Cheers, Peter

1 0

In a First, AlmaLinux Patches a Security Hole That Remains Unpatched in Upstream RHEL
by Peter Reutemann 10 Apr '24

10 Apr '24

'AlmaLinux, a three year old Linux distribution that started life as a clone of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, on Tuesday announced that it had created a patch to fix CVE-2024-1086, a security vulnerability that Red Hat evidently doesn’t think is important enough to patch in RHEL right away. “Though this was flagged as something to be fixed in Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Red Hat has only rated this as a moderate impact,” benny Vasquez, chairperson at the AlmaLinux Foundation explained in an article on the distro’s website on Tuesday. “Our users have asked us to patch this more quickly, and as such, we have opted to include patches ourselves. We released this kernel patch to the testing repo last weekend and plan to push it to production on Wednesday, April 3rd.” Since Vasquez’s post a production ready version of the fix was made available through the distro’s repositories, and Red Hat has re-evaluated the threat from its end and raised the severity level from “moderate” to “important.” There is still no sign of a patch from Red Hat, however, although the company has posted several methods for mitigating the threat. “This flaw is trivially exploitable on most RHEL-equivalent systems,” Vasquez said. “There are many proof-of-concept posts available now, including one from our Infrastructure team lead, Jonathan Wright (Dealing with CVE-2024-1086). In multi-user scenarios, this flaw is especially problematic.”' -- source: https://fossforce.com/2024/04/in-a-first-almalinux-patches-a-security-hole-… Cheers, Peter

1 0

EndeavourOS Bids Farewell to ARM Branch
by Peter Reutemann 10 Apr '24

10 Apr '24

'In a heartfelt announcement today, Bryan Poerwo, founder and project leader of EndeavourOS, marked the end of its ARM product branch. This project has been part of the EndeavourOS journey since its inception from the remnants of Antergos in 2019. The initiative, which began with the help of a passionate community member known as Pudge, later a leading figure of the EndeavourOS ARM team, aimed to extend the reach of EndeavourOS to ARM devices such as the ODROID N2, ODROID XU4, and Raspberry Pi 4. Over nearly five years, EndeavourOS ARM flourished, witnessing additions like support for the PineBook Pro and Raspberry Pi 5 and implementing a Calamares install option alongside the original scripts. However, the journey was challenging. The rapid advancement of Linux and desktop environments on x86_64 devices contrasted sharply with the slower pace of development in the ARM landscape, presenting a series of obstacles that tested the resolve of the project’s pioneers. The widening gap between ARM and x86_64 architectures, reduced external support, and personal transitions in hardware preferences led to a heartfelt decision to conclude the EndeavourOS ARM project. But not all is lost. As the project ends, the community remains hopeful, inviting anyone willing to carry the torch forward. The project’s GitHub repository continues to be available, serving as a foundation for future endeavors in the ARM Linux space.' -- source: https://linuxiac.com/endeavouros-bids-farewell-to-arm-branch/ Cheers, Peter

1 0

TrueNAS Moving From FreeBSD To Debian
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 09 Apr '24

09 Apr '24

TrueNAS, makers of a turnkey system installation designed for NAS servers, announced close to a month ago that they were changing the emphasis in their product development from “TrueNAS CORE” (which is FreeBSD-based) to “TrueNAS SCALE” (which is Linux-based, specifically Debian-based) <https://www.theregister.com/2024/03/18/truenas_abandons_freebsd/>. This article <https://blocksandfiles.com/2024/04/08/ixsystems-no-one-is-getting-marooned/> gives some more background on the move: Kris Moore, SVP for engineering, told us: “Upstream has shifted. So first of all, ZFS, that’s kind of the heart and soul of TrueNAS and was for FreeNAS as well. Most of that [development] work takes place on Linux these days; features testing, all that happens on Linux. FreeBSD is the thing you port to and you’re done. So that momentum has moved.” ... “We had a huge chunk of our engineering staff spending time improving FreeBSD as opposed to working on features and functionalities. What’s happened now with the transition to having a Debian basis, the people I used to have 90 percent of their time working on FreeBSD, they’re working on ZFS features now … That’s what I want to see; value add for everybody versus sitting around, implementing something Linux had a years ago.” The irony in that is, ZFS was deliberately released by Sun (now Oracle) under a licence that is designed to be incompatible with the GPL that covers the Linux kernel. If you want to argue otherwise, consider that Oracle still refuses to include ZFS with its own Linux distro, preferring to offer you btrfs instead. Of course, you could also view that as a sign of a lack of confidence in its own home-grown filesystem ...

1 0

MIT License text becomes viral “sad girl” piano ballad generated by AI
by Peter Reutemann 09 Apr '24

09 Apr '24

'We've come a long way since primitive AI music generators in 2022. Today, AI tools like Suno.ai allow any series of words to become song lyrics, including inside jokes (as you'll see below). On Wednesday, prompt engineer Riley Goodside tweeted an AI-generated song created with the prompt "sad girl with piano performs the text of the MIT License," and it began to circulate widely in the AI community online.' -- source: https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2024/04/mit-license-text-bec… Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, Hamilton, NZ Mobile +64 22 190 2375 https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

1 0

German state gov. ditching Windows for Linux, 30K workers migrating
by Peter Reutemann 08 Apr '24

08 Apr '24

''Schleswig-Holstein, one of Germany’s 16 states, on Wednesday confirmed plans to move tens of thousands of systems from Microsoft Windows to Linux. The announcement follows previously established plans to migrate the state government off Microsoft Office in favor of open source LibreOffice. As spotted by The Document Foundation, the government has apparently finished its pilot run of LibreOffice and is now announcing plans to expand to more open source offerings. In 2021, the state government announced plans to move 25,000 computers to LibreOffice by 2026. At the time, Schleswig-Holstein said it had already been testing LibreOffice for two years. -- source: https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2024/04/german-state-gov-dit… Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, Hamilton, NZ Mobile +64 22 190 2375 https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

1 0

OpenBSD 7.5 Released
by Peter Reutemann 08 Apr '24

08 Apr '24

'Slashdot reader Mononymous writes: The latest release of OpenBSD, the FOSS Unix-like operating system focused on correctness and security over features and performance, has been released. This version includes newer driver support, performance improvements, stability fixes, and lots of package updates. One highlight is a complete port of KDE Plasma 5. You can view the announcement and get the bits at OpenBSD.org. Phoronix reports that with OpenBSD 7.5 "there is a number of improvements for ARM (AArch64) hardware, never-ending kernel optimizations and other tuning work, countless package updates, and other adjustments to this popular BSD platform."' -- source: https://tech.slashdot.org/story/24/04/06/0519207 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, Hamilton, NZ Mobile +64 22 190 2375 https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

1 0

Tip For Repairing Ancient Linux Installations
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 02 Apr '24

02 Apr '24

Here’s the scenario: there is a malfunctioning server running a really ancient Linux installation (e.g. 2.6.x-series kernel). You boot up with a reasonably recent copy of SystemRescue, mount the machine’s filesystem, try to chroot into it and run a shell ... and it segfaults. Seems there has been a subtle incompatible change in Linux kernel behaviour since those times, to do with the disabling of something called the “vsyscall” mechanism (which is specific to 64-bit x86-based machines, I understand). This was supposed to be a way to speed up certain commonly-executed system calls (I think getting the system time was one of them) by allowing direct transfers to certain entry points with fixed memory addresses for invoking them. It was later decided this was a bad idea (I think for security reasons). The mechanism has not been completely removed (yet), but nowadays it is disabled by default. To get around this, you need to boot SystemRescue with a change to the kernel command-line parameters, adding this item vsyscall=emulate After you get to a shell, you can confirm that this setting is in effect by checking the /proc/self/maps file (the memory mappings for your own process). At the bottom, there should be an entry with “[vdso]” in it, and below that another line with “[vsyscall]”. The presence of the latter line indicates that vsyscall emulation is in effect. This is not present when I check a process on my own machine, for example. Linus is legendary for being a stickler for never, ever breaking backward compatibility for userland. So the reasons for turning this off must have been pretty compelling, for him to agree to it. But the compromise is, it’s still there to be enabled if you really, really need it. There’s a bit more technical info here <https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/SysCall/linux-syscall-3.html>, if you are interested. By the way, the above page is part of a book beginning here <https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/>, about the insides of the Linux kernel. The whole book seems to be accessible from that link, but if you step up a level, the site doesn’t seem to have any idea about the existence of that book.

3 4

Uncle Sam’s Had It Up To Here With “Unforgivable” SQL Injection Flaws
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 27 Mar '24

27 Mar '24

We all know SQL injection attacks are an ongoing problem <https://www.theregister.com/2024/03/26/fbi_cisa_sql_injection/>. What interested me about this article is this part: Software vendors have been advised to use parameterized queries with prepared statements to mitigate SQL injection vulnerabilities. According to the authorities, these allow user-input data to be separated from SQL queries and "better embody a secure by design approach" compared to input sanitization techniques. These are deployed by some vendors, but were branded "brittle" by CISA and the FBI. They said they're also difficult to deploy on a large scale and are more easily bypassed. Funny, that. Every time I post examples of how I dynamically construct SQL query strings with proper quoting of user input, I get yelled at and told to use “parameterized queries” and “prepared statements”, or even an ORM. Yet here we have the security experts saying that that is not a good solution, just like I thought all along.

1 0

Mozilla’s privacy service drops a provider with ties to people-search sites
by Peter Reutemann 26 Mar '24

26 Mar '24

'Mozilla's Monitor Plus, a service launched by the privacy-minded tech firm in February, notes on its pitch page that there is "a $240 billion industry of data brokers selling your private information for profit" and that its offering can "take back your privacy." Mozilla's most recent move to protect privacy has been to cut out one of the key providers of Monitor Plus' people-search protections, Onerep. That comes after reporting from security reporter Brian Krebs, who uncovered Onerep CEO and founder Dimitri Shelest as the founder of "dozens of people-search services since 2010," including one, Nuwber, that still sells the very kind of "background reports" that Monitor Plus seeks to curb. Shelest told Krebs in a statement (PDF) that he did have an ownership stake in Nuwber, but that Nuwber has "zero cross-over or information-sharing with Onerep" and that he no longer operates any other people-search sites. Shelest admitted the bad look but said that his experience with people search gave Onerep "the best tech and team in the space." Brandon Borrman, vice president of communications at Mozilla, said in a statement that while "customer data was never at risk, the outside financial interests and activities of Onerep’s CEO do not align with our values." Mozilla is "working now to solidify a transition plan," Borrman said. A Mozilla spokesperson confirmed to Ars today that Mozilla is continuing to offer Monitor Plus, suggesting no pause in subscriptions, at least for the moment.' -- source: https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2024/03/mozillas-privacy-service-drops-a-pr… Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, Hamilton, NZ Mobile +64 22 190 2375 https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

1 0