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Apple Silicon Exclusively Hit With World-First 'Augury' DMP Vulnerability
by Peter Reutemann 07 May '22

07 May '22

'Tom's Hardware: A team of researchers with the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Tel Aviv University, and the University of Washington have demonstrated a world-first Data Memory-Dependent Prefetcher (DMP) vulnerability, dubbed "Augury," that's exclusive to Apple Silicon. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow attackers to siphon off "at rest" data, meaning the data doesn't even need to be accessed by the processing cores to be exposed. Augury takes advantage of Apple Silicon's DMP feature. This prefetcher aims to improve system performance by being aware of the entire memory content, which allows it to improve system performance by pre-fetching data before it's needed. Usually, memory access is limited and compartmentalized in order to increase system security, but Apple's DMP prefetch can overshoot the set of memory pointers, allowing it to access and attempt a prefetch of unrelated memory addresses up to its prefetch depth. If you feel your mind grasping at a certain familiarity with this, it's likely because the infamous Spectre/Meltdown vulnerabilities also try and speculate what data will be required by the system before it's even requested (hence the term speculative execution). But while side-channel vulnerabilities such as Spectre and Meltdown are only capable of leaking in-use data, Apple's DMP can potentially leak the entire memory content even if it's not being actively accessed. The nature of Apple's DMP also renders void some of the already-engineered fixes for speculative execution vulnerabilities -- those that rely on controlling what is visible to the processing cores. The researchers said that Apple is fully aware of their discoveries, but there are no plans for whether or not the company will deploy mitigations.' -- source: https://apple.slashdot.org/story/22/05/06/2226251 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 858-5174 (office) +64 (7) 577-5304 (home office) https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Mozilla Celebrates the Release of Firefox 100
by Peter Reutemann 05 May '22

05 May '22

'vm shares the blogpost of Mozilla releasing Firefox 100, and outlines some of thoughts: Out of the ashes of Netscape/AOL, Firebird rose as a promising new browser. A significant name change and a hundred releases later, Firefox 100 is still the underdog that keeps on fighting. With my mounting annoyance at all the Google services underpinning Chrome, I've since discovered and used Ungoogled Chromium, Waterfox, LibreWolf, and a handful of other lesser known spins on Chrome or Firefox. On mobile, Brave really does the best job at ad blocking whether you're on iOS or Android but the Mozilla Foundations is probably still the largest dev group fighting the good fight when it comes to both privacy and security enhancements.That's not to say that the Chromium team isn't security savvy -- I only wish they were just a little less Google. Anyhow, tell us about your favorite browser in the comments and have a look at Mozilla's latest release while you're at it.' -- source: https://news.slashdot.org/story/22/05/03/1720240 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 858-5174 (office) +64 (7) 577-5304 (home office) https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Chrome's Latest Update: 30 Security Fixes and Bug Details Kept 'Restricted'
by Peter Reutemann 02 May '22

02 May '22

'Hot Hardware warns that on Tuesday, the Stable Channel for Chrome's desktop edition "had an update on April 26, 2022. That update includes 30 security fixes, some of them so bad that Google is urging all users to update immediately." The release notes for Google's Chrome v101.0.4951.41 for Windows, Mac, and Linux has a long list of bug fixes; you can view it here. However, there's also a key statement in that page. "Note: Access to bug details and links may be kept restricted until a majority of users are updated with a fix. We will also retain restrictions if the bug exists in a third party library that other projects similarly depend on, but haven't yet fixed...." Effectively the the non-developer translation of the quote above is that something so significant was found, the details are being kept hidden.' -- source: https://it.slashdot.org/story/22/05/02/0034206 That sounds pretty bad... Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 858-5174 (office) +64 (7) 577-5304 (home office) https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Fedora's Lead Speaks on the Popularity of Linux and the Importance of Open Source
by Peter Reutemann 02 May '22

02 May '22

'Fedora project leader Matthew Miller spoke to TechRepublic's Jack Wallen this week, sharing some thoughts on the future of Linux — and on open source in general: Matthew Miller: I think it's a lost cause to try to "sell" our quirky technology interest to people who don't see it already. We need to take a different approach.... I think our message, at its root, has to be around open source.... [W]ith Linux, when you install an open-source distro, you're not just part of a fan community. You're part of a colossal, global effort that makes software more available to everyone, makes that software better and better, and makes the whole world better through sharing... Just by using it you're sharing in this amazing undertaking, part of a move away from scarcity to an economy based on abundance.... Jack Wallen: What's the biggest difference in Linux today vs. Linux of 10 years ago? Matthew Miller: I think first we have to start with just the amazing ubiquity of it. Ten years ago, it was cute to find a TV that ran Linux. Now, not only is it definitely powering your TV, you've probably got Linux running on your lightbulbs! It's everywhere. And while Linux had pushed proprietary Unix from the server room, ten years ago Windows-based servers were pushing back. The cloud changed that — now, the cloud is Linux, almost completely. (Anything that isn't is a legacy app that it was too much trouble to port!) From tiny devices to the most powerful mainframes and supercomputers: Linux, Linux, Linux.... Jack Wallen: If Linux has an Achilles' heel, what is it? Matthew Miller: Linux and the whole free and open-source software movement grew up with the rise of the internet as an open communication platform. We absolutely need that to continue in order to realize our vision, and I don't think we can take it for granted. That's more general than an Achilles' heel, though, so right now let me highlight one thing that I think is troubling: Chrome becoming the dominant browser to the point where it's often the only way to make sites work. Chromium (the associated upstream project) is open source, but isn't really run as a community project, and, pointedly, very very few people run Chromium itself. I'd love to see that change, but I'd also like to see Firefox regain a meaningful presence. Miller also said Fedora's next release is focused on simplicity. ("When the OS gets in the way, it drops from the conversation I want to have about big ideas to ... well, the boring technical details that people never want to deal with") And he also shared his thoughts on what Linux needs most. "What I'd really like to see more of are more non-technical contributors. I mean, yes, we can always benefit from more packagers and coders and engineers, but I think what we really need desperately are writers, designers, artists, videographers, communicators, organizers and planners. I don't think big companies are likely to provide those things, at least, not for the parts of the Linux world which aren't their products." "We need people who think the whole grand project I've been talking about is important, and who have the skills and interests to help make it real."' -- source: https://linux.slashdot.org/story/22/05/01/014252 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 858-5174 (office) +64 (7) 577-5304 (home office) https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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30,000 New Users Signed Up For Mastodon After Elon Musk Bought Twitter
by Peter Reutemann 29 Apr '22

29 Apr '22

'Motherboard: Social media platform Mastodon, often seen as an alternative to Twitter, gained nearly 30,000 new users on the day that Elon Musk bought Twitter. On Tuesday a Mastodon domain became unresponsive. Eugen Rochko, Mastodon's CEO, later told Motherboard in an email that there were performance issues. "I'm sorry I couldn't have responded sooner," he wrote. "I was working all day on fixing performance issues on the Mastodon servers I operate due to the influx of new and returning users following Twitter's acquisition by Elon Musk." Rochko added that Mastodon has seen an increase of 41,287 active users, including both returning users and new users. When breaking that figure down by just new users, 28,391 new people have joined Mastodon in the past day, Rochko said. Mastodon is a piece of open-source software that people can use as a base to create their own social networks. Although its appearance is similar to Twitter, it also differs from Twitter in the sense that Twitter is a single social network people sign up for. When it comes to the social network side of things, Mastodon holds more similarities with Discord, in that users have to find specific Mastodon instances to join. Those looking to create their own Mastodon instance also have to host it themselves, a step that may alienate many non-technical users. Donald Trump's social media site, Truth Social, is based on Mastodon and was recently called out by the company for failing to provide the source code for the site built on top of it. Two weeks later, the social media site quietly acknowledged Mastodon in a dedicated section labeled "open source." In regard to the matter, Mastodon founder Eugen Rochko said: "Compliance with our AGPLv3 license is very important to me as that is the sole basis upon which I and other developers are willing to give away years of work for free." Twitter did confirm some fluctuations in follower counts after Musk's deal was made official, although they said they were organic in nature.' -- source: https://news.slashdot.org/story/22/04/27/2141231 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 858-5174 (office) +64 (7) 577-5304 (home office) https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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One of the most powerful DDoSes ever targets cryptocurrency platform
by Peter Reutemann 29 Apr '22

29 Apr '22

'A cryptocurrency platform was recently on the receiving end of one of the biggest distributed denial-of-service attacks ever after threat actors bombarded it with 15.3 million requests, content delivery network Cloudflare said. DDoS attacks can be measured in several ways, including by the volume of data, the number of packets, or the number of requests sent each second. The current records are 3.4 terabits per second for volumetric DDoSes—which attempt to consume all bandwidth available to the target—and 809 million packets per second, and 17.2 million requests per second. The latter two records measure the power of application-layer attacks, which attempt to exhaust the computing resources of a target’s infrastructure. Cloudflare's recent DDoS mitigation peaked at 15.3 million requests per second. While still smaller than the record, its power was more considerable because the attack was delivered through HTTPS requests rather than HTTP requests used in the record. Because HTTPS requests are much more compute-intensive than HTTP requests, the latest attack had the potential to put much more strain on the target.' -- source: https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2022/04/one-of-the-most-powe… Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 858-5174 (office) +64 (7) 577-5304 (home office) https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Fwd: New Zealand Cyber Security Challenge 2022
by Peter Reutemann 29 Apr '22

29 Apr '22

Considering our cyber security theme from this week, some of you might want to participate in the (free) challenge outlined below. Cheers, Peter ---------- Forwarded message --------- From: Buddhika Subasinghe <buddhika.subasinghe(a)waikato.ac.nz> Date: Fri, Apr 29, 2022 at 10:28 AM Subject: New Zealand Cyber Security Challenge 2022 To: Computing Staff: CS & SE <computing-staff(a)waikato.ac.nz>, Mathematics Staff <maths-staff(a)waikato.ac.nz>, Design staff: NZ <design-nz(a)waikato.ac.nz > Hi all FYI Please see the message below from Harpreet re the NZ Cyber Security Challenge 2022. Please contact Vimal vimal.kumar(a)waikato.ac.nz ro Harpreet harpreet.kaur(a)waikato.ac.nz if you need any further information about this event. Many thanks! Buddhika On Fri, Apr 29, 2022 at 9:26 AM Harpreet Kaur <harpreet.kaur(a)waikato.ac.nz> wrote: > Dear Buddhika, > > This is the email we want to regulate in the cs list. Much appreciated > your help! > > > *Hi All,* > *Cyber Security Researchers of Waikato (CROW) team is organising the NZ > Cyber Security Challenge again this year. Could you please distribute this > email invitation to your students?* > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ > *New Zealand Cyber Security Challenge 2022* > > The NZ Cyber Security Challenge is back for its 9th edition. Participation > is free and as always there are a number of prizes to be won. > > We invite anyone interested in cybersecurity to join and take part in the > challenge. The challenge will start with an online CTF round (Round 0). We > will then invite the top 150 participants to the University of Waikato > campus for the main competition involving Rounds 1,2, a networking lunch, > cybersecurity talks and a side challenge. > > The schedule of the NZCSC’22 is as follows: > > - > > 04 June - 22 June: > - > > Online Round 0: open for everyone > > > - > > 15 June - 22 June: > - > > Online Waikato x Cardiff Challenge (special round for Waikato and > Cardiff University Students) > - > > 22-23 July : > - > > Round 1 - Incident Response round > - > > Round 2 - Capture the Flag > - > > Side Challenge > - > > Networking lunch and talks from the industry > > Feel free to contact me (vimal.kumar(a)waikato.ac.nz) or Harpreet Kaur ( > harpreet.kaur(a)waikato.ac.nz) if you have any questions. More information > and the Registration of Interest link can be found on the event website. > > https://cybersecuritychallenge.org.nz/ > > > We look forward to hosting you at the event! > > > > -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 858-5174 (office) +64 (7) 577-5304 (home office) https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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PFSense - additional info
by Roger Hardy 27 Apr '22

27 Apr '22

Hi all. These are the manuals for the small boards we use to run remote installs. https://pcengines.ch/pdf/apu4.pdf Better details here https://www.pcengines.ch/apu4c4.htm You can even download the schematics there. Price lists here https://www.pcengines.ch/order.htm As I said, these are cheaper than the netgate ones, that can be seen at https://www.netgate.com/appliances The "manual" for PFSense is here https://docs.netgate.com/pfsense/en/latest/ And just for giggles, I checked their (netgate) support prices. Not too bad for a business. https://www.netgate.com/support And they have a pretty interesting service called "Zero to Ping" where "they will help get your Netgate appliance connected to the Internet and one client on the same network online." Feel free to ask any questions, about either PFSense or the APU devices. Roger

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Concerns Raised Over The 'New' NTFS Linux Driver That Merged Last Year
by Peter Reutemann 27 Apr '22

27 Apr '22

'In 2020, Paragon Software announced they wanted to upstream their previously proprietary NTFS driver into Linux. After a year of review, the NTFS3 driver was added to the Linux 5.15 kernel. While Paragon pledged to maintain their driver, there have been no major updates to the driver despite a growing list of patches that have submitted. Developer Kari Argillander has raised his concerns on the mailing list that the driver is orphaned, and that the Paragon maintainer has not responded to any messages about fixes. An offer to co-maintain the driver has also been met with "radio silence".' -- source: https://linux.slashdot.org/story/22/04/26/1749239 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 858-5174 (office) +64 (7) 577-5304 (home office) https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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New OpenSSH Version On Debian Unstable
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 24 Apr '22

24 Apr '22

Did my periodic OS upgrade today, and one change that has had an (easy to fix) impact on my backup system is that OpenSSH 9.0 is phasing out the special protocol that was used to implement the scp command, in favour of using the same one as for sftp. One difference this makes is with file specs that contain shell-special characters (e.g. spaces). Previously, when specifying such to the scp command in the shell, you had to do two levels of escaping, one to get them past the local shell, and another to work with the remote shell. But now, the second level of escaping for the remote end is no longer needed. The release notes describe this second level of quoting as “finicky and brittle”, so all in all things are simpler without it.

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