April 2024 - wlug - list.wlug.org.nz

Weta Digital’s Technology Division Sold To US Firm
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 01 Aug '25

01 Aug '25

Let me see if I understand this article <https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/sir-peter-jackson-to-sell-weta-digital-…> correctly: the part of Weta Digital that used to develop the in-house 3D graphics/effects tools that they use in all those movies is being sold to US-based Unity Software. The part that is left will be called “WetaFX”, and will become a customer of Unity for the use of those tools, no longer doing its own development in-house. By the way, I’ve been looking at the Unity site <https://unity.com/>, and it looks like all their products are rentware (subscription-based).

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New systemd update will bring Windows’ infamous Blue Screen of Death to Linux
by Peter Reutemann 18 Nov '24

18 Nov '24

'Windows' infamous "Blue Screen of Death" is a bit of a punchline. People have made a hobby of spotting them out in the wild, and in some circles, they remain a byword for the supposed flakiness and instability of PCs. To this day, networked PCs in macOS are represented by beige CRT monitors displaying a BSOD. But the BSOD is supposed to be a diagnostic tool, an informational screen that technicians can use to begin homing in on the problem that caused the crash in the first place; that old Windows' BSOD error codes were often so broad and vague as to be useless doesn't make the idea a bad one. Today, version 255 of the Linux systemd project honors that original intent by adding a systemd-bsod component that generates a full-screen display of some error messages when a Linux system crashes. The systemd-bsod component is currently listed as "experimental" and "subject to change." But the functionality is simple: any logged error message that reaches the LOG_EMERG level will be displayed full-screen to allow people to take a photo or write it down. Phoronix reports that, as with BSODs in modern Windows, the Linux version will also generate a QR code to make it easier to look up information on your phone.' -- source: https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/12/linux-distros-are-about-to-get-a-ki… Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, Hamilton, NZ Mobile +64 22 190 2375 https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Juice TV Hiccup
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 15 Oct '24

15 Oct '24

Currently when I switch to FreeView Channel 200, it shows a frozen image with the text “Cinegy” and “Demo Version” on it. Searching for that name takes me to a site that talks about “software defined television”. Either their product licence has expired, or they never had one in the first place ...

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List Of IPTV Resources
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 22 Sep '24

22 Sep '24

This user <https://github.com/iptv-org> just popped up in my GitHub feed. One repo <https://github.com/iptv-org/iptv> claims to be a list of links to over 8000 streaming TV channels from nations all over the world, while the other is a list of tools*, providers and other resources. Do be aware it’s a bit of a mixed bag: yes, there are legitimate channels (no encryption so far that I have noticed), but also some dubious-looking links. *Oddly, FFmpeg and youtube-dl aren’t in the list.

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Made Move To Wayland
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 01 Jul '24

01 Jul '24

I’d been running Wayland OK on my laptop for some months now, but I held off putting it on my main machine for one reason: when I logged into a Wayland session, Emacs would not recognize my Compose key (which I have set to Caps Lock). Today I finally figured out I have to install the “emacs-pgtk” package instead of “emacs-gtk”; the former is built with a version of GTK that works with Wayland. And yes, my Compose key works again. Still have to get used to slightly different input behaviour: previously, once I hit Compose, nothing would appear until I finished the whole key sequence. Now it echoes each keystroke immediately as I type it, in place, overwriting the previous echo (starting with an underline for the Compose key itself), then when I have typed the last key, it overwrites the echo area with the final character.

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I Have No Luck With Keyboards ...
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 01 May '24

01 May '24

Yesterday I decided that my heavily-used clicky mechanical keyboard (a Das Keyboard 4) had accumulated far too much grime, and it was time to take the risk of cleaning it. In the past, every time I’ve tried cleaning a keyboard, it has never worked right afterwards. I’m a software guy, not a hardware guy. I found the keys quite easy to pry off. A light amount of leverage with a small screwdriver was helpful when space was tight, but once I’d cleared sufficient room around a key, I could pull it off just with my fingers. Even the wider keys were not hard. I found some warnings online against removing these, because of the trickiness of their extra stabilization mechanisms. But these were actually quite simple: a steel spring with its ends poked through two tiny brackets (removable, but best left in place) at each end of the key. It took a bit of pressure with the screwdriver to bend one end of the spring far enough to take it out of the hole, but it snapped immediately back to its original shape after I had taken the key out, so I saw no problem putting things back afterwards. The space bar was even simpler: just two additional support posts at the ends, in addition to the usual post (common to all the keys) that held the actual switch in the middle. After I had got all the keys off, the grime on the keyboard itself was a wonder to behold (I’ll spare you the details). I tried to use a bunched-up corner of a wet cloth, and even a vacuum cleaner with the smallest nozzle (again heeding warnings online against compressed air), and I was able to remove maybe half the accumulation of deposits, not much more. I figured that was good enough. Of course, in the process, I likely got some water into two slots that were exposed after I removed the keys. There was a recommendation online to leave things to dry for at least 6 hours. Call me impatient; I left it for just 5. Afterwards, I plugged it in, without the key caps, and tried a few keys, and was gratified to find they still worked. After that, I put back all the keys, now nice and clean and dry. Even the ones with those extra springs went back with only a slight amount of fiddling to re-engage with those brackets on the keys. And afterwards, the keyboard still worked. I left it plugged in, and went to do something else. Half an hour later, I came back to my computer ... and the keyboard was dead. Not a single response from any key. Put it back in the heater cupboard and left it overnight. No change this morning: still dead. So I feel very sad. I thought I had broken my keyboard jinx. But it’s currently zero for three. I have some other keyboards, of course, including a colourful oddity I bought from Dick Smith (whose layout leaves out the right-hand super/windows key), and a Kensington “washable” (dare I risk it?), with the pipe/backslash key in a different position. But I had grown accustomed to the volume control knob and other niceties of the Das Keyboard. Looking back through my records, I was surprised to discover I had bought it about ten years ago, from Mighty Ape. So I suppose it’s had a good run. But it seems nobody in NZ sells the things any more. So currently I mourn, and I also look for alternatives ...

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T2 Linux 24.5 Released
by Peter Reutemann 30 Apr '24

30 Apr '24

'A major T2 Linux milestone has been released, shipping with full support for 25 CPU architectures and several C libraries, as well as restored support for Intel IA-64 Itanium. Additionally, many vintage X.org DDX drivers were fixed and tested to work again, as well as complete support for the latest KDE 6 and GNOME 46. T2 is known for its sophisticated cross compile support and support for nearly all existing CPU architectures: Alpha, Arc, ARM(64), Avr32, HPPA(64), IA64, M68k, MIPS(64), Nios2, PowerPC(64)(le), RISCV(64), s390x, SPARC(64), and SuperH x86(64). T2 is an increasingly popular choice for embedded systems and virtualization. It also still supports the Sony PS3, Sgi, Sun and HP workstations, as well as the latest ARM64 and RISCV64 architectures. The release contains a total of 5,140 changesets, including approximately 5,314 package updates, 564 issues fixed, 317 packages or features added and 163 removed, and around 53 improvements. Usually most packages are up-to-date, including Linux 6.8, GCC 13, LLVM/Clang 18, as well as the latest version of X.org, Mesa, Firefox, Rust, KDE 6 and GNOME 46! More information, source and binary distribution are open source and free at T2 SDE.' -- source: https://news.slashdot.org/story/24/04/29/2325210/ To be honest, haven't heard of that distro before, but sounds interesting. Cheers, Peter

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Hackers try to exploit WordPress plugin vulnerability that’s as severe as it gets
by Peter Reutemann 29 Apr '24

29 Apr '24

'Hackers are assailing websites using a prominent WordPress plugin with millions of attempts to exploit a high-severity vulnerability that allows complete takeover, researchers said. The vulnerability resides in WordPress Automatic, a plugin with more than 38,000 paying customers. Websites running the WordPress content management system use it to incorporate content from other sites. Researchers from security firm Patchstack disclosed last month that WP Automatic versions 3.92.0 and below had a vulnerability with a severity rating of 9.9 out of a possible 10. The plugin developer, ValvePress, silently published a patch, which is available in versions 3.92.1 and beyond. Researchers have classified the flaw, tracked as CVE-2024-27956, as a SQL injection, a class of vulnerability that stems from a failure by a web application to query backend databases properly. SQL syntax uses apostrophes to indicate the beginning and end of a data string. By entering strings with specially positioned apostrophes into vulnerable website fields, attackers can execute code that performs various sensitive actions, including returning confidential data, giving administrative system privileges, or subverting how the web app works.' -- source: https://arstechnica.com/security/2024/04/hackers-make-millions-of-attempts-… Cheers, Peter

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Alternative To Microsoft Access
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 27 Apr '24

27 Apr '24

If anybody asks about an alternative to Microsoft Access, I think SQLite used in combination with LibreOffice will give you a lot of functionality, including comprehensive SQL support and scalability to much larger databases. Of course you can use other backends, like MariaDB/MySQL, as well. SQLite just makes it easy to have an actual database file that you can copy/move about the place, without having to do database dumps/restores. If you don’t need multiuser support, it is very convenient. I notice that libreoffice-base is now a separate package under Debian (and I suppose its derivatives as well), no longer included in the “base” (heh) LibreOffice package. Make sure to install this, along with libsqliteodbc. Now, say you have an existing SQLite3 database that you want to access from LibreOffice. Suppose it is in the file /home/ldo/hack/lo_try/test.db. In order for databases to be accessible via ODBC, they need to have entries in your ~/.odbc.ini file. This is just a text file, in the good old .ini tradition. The format for entries is very simple, e.g.: [test-db] Description=Test database for LibreOffice Base Driver=SQLite3 Database=/home/ldo/hack/lo_try/test.db Now, when you launch the LibreOffice Base database wizard, you have options to “create a new database”, “open an existing database file”, or “connect to an existing database”. Choose that last one “connect to an existing database”. The popup menu shows the available back-end drivers: choose “ODBC”. Now, when you click “Next”, there should be a text field with a “Browse...” button; clicking this should show the names of entries in your ~/.odbc.ini file, e.g. “test-db” if you used the name in my example above. Select this, and click “Finish”. Next you will be prompted for a name to save the “database file”. This is just the LibreOffice Base document that contains the settings for connecting to the actual database: LibreOffice doesn’t know or care where the database back-end keeps the actual data. After having named the LibreOffice database file, you should see the main LibreOffice Base window. In the lower half, under “Tables”, you should see a list of the tables from the database file. You can double-click a table name to see a quick list of all its records. That’s as far as I’ve got. I see a “Design View”, “Form Wizards”, and “Report Wizards”, and all kinds of other fun stuff. Should be great for building simple database applications, with a minimum of programming.

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Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 'Noble Numbat' Officially Released
by Peter Reutemann 26 Apr '24

26 Apr '24

'9to5Linux: Canonical released today Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat) as the latest version of its popular Linux-based operating system featuring some of the latest GNU/Linux technologies and Open Source software. Powered by Linux kernel 6.8, Ubuntu 24.04 LTS features the latest GNOME 46 desktop environment, an all-new graphical firmware update tool called Firmware Updater, Netplan 1.0 for state-of-the-art network management, updated Ubuntu font, support for the deb822 format for software sources, increased vm.max_map_count for better gaming, and Mozilla Thunderbird as a Snap by default. It also comes with an updated Flutter-based graphical desktop installer that's now capable of updating itself and features a bunch of changes like support for accessibility features, guided (unencrypted) ZFS installations, a new option to import auto-install configurations for templated custom provisioning, as well as new default installation options, such as Default selection (previously Minimal) and Extended selection (previously Normal)."' -- source: https://news.slashdot.org/story/24/04/25/2036234 Cheers, Peter

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Fedora Linux 40 Officially Released
by Peter Reutemann 24 Apr '24

24 Apr '24

'Fedora Linux 40 distribution has been officially released -- powered by the latest Linux 6.8 kernel series, and featuring the GNOME 46 and KDE Plasma 6 desktop environments, reports 9to5Linux: "Powered by the latest and greatest Linux 6.8 kernel series, the Fedora Linux 40 release ships with the GNOME 46 desktop environment for the flagship Fedora Workstation edition and the KDE Plasma 6 desktop environment for the Fedora KDE Spin, which defaults to the Wayland session as the X11 session was completely removed." "Fedora Linux 40 also includes some interesting package management changes, such as dropping Delta RPMs and disabling support in the default configuration of DNF / DNF5. It also changes the DNF behavior to no longer download filelists by default. However, this release doesn't ship with the long-awaited DNF5 package manager. For AMD GPUs, Fedora Linux 40 ships with AMD ROCm 6.0 as the latest release of AMD's software optimized for AI and HPC workload performance, which enables support for the newest flagship AMD Instinct MI300A and MI300X datacenter GPUs."' -- source: https://linux.slashdot.org/story/24/04/23/1452255 Cheers, Peter

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Ex WH Cyber Policy Director: Microsoft Is A Threat To US National Security
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 23 Apr '24

23 Apr '24

Microsoft has become so dominant a supplier to the US Government that it cannot be effectively called to account on its repeated security lapses <https://www.theregister.com/2024/04/21/microsoft_national_security_risk/>. Even something as basic as event logging (which would have helped track exposure to things like the SolarWinds breach) was an extra-cost service that Microsoft customers had to pay for. Microsoft is squeezing a lot of profit out of those customers, and it feels no need to let up.

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Ubuntu 24.04 Yields a 20% Performance Advantage Over Windows 11 On Ryzen 7 Framework Laptop
by Peter Reutemann 19 Apr '24

19 Apr '24

'Michael Larabel reports via Phoronix: With the Framework 16 laptop one of the performance pieces I've been meaning to carry out has been seeing out Linux performs against Microsoft Windows 11 for this AMD Ryzen 7 7840HS powered modular/upgradeable laptop. Recently getting around to it in my benchmarking queue, I also compared the performance of Ubuntu 23.10 to the near final Ubuntu 24.04 LTS on this laptop up against a fully-updated Microsoft Windows 11 installation. The Framework 16 review unit as a reminder was configured with the 8-core / 16-thread AMD Ryzen 7 7840HS Zen 4 SoC with Radeon RX 7700S graphics, a 512GB SN810 NVMe SSD, MediaTek MT7922 WiFi, and a 2560 x 1600 display. In the few months of testing out the Framework 16 predominantly under Linux it's been working out very well. With also having a Windows 11 partition as shipped by Framework, after updating that install it made for an interesting comparison against the Ubuntu 23.10 and Ubuntu 24.04 performance. The same Framework 16 AMD laptop was used throughout all of the testing for looking at the out-of-the-box performance across Microsoft Windows 11, Ubuntu 23.10, and the near-final state of Ubuntu 24.04. [...] Out of 101 benchmarks carried out on all three operating systems with the Framework 16 laptop, Ubuntu 24.04 was the fastest in 67% of those tests, the prior Ubuntu 23.10 led in 22% (typically with slim margins to 24.04), and then Microsoft Windows 11 was the front-runner just 10% of the time... If taking the geomean of all 101 benchmark results, Ubuntu 23.10 was 16% faster than Microsoft Windows 11 while Ubuntu 24.04 enhanced the Ubuntu Linux performance by 3% to yield a 20% advantage over Windows 11 on this AMD Ryzen 7 7840HS laptop. Ubuntu 24.04 is looking very good in the performance department and will see its stable release next week. ' -- source: https://hardware.slashdot.org/story/24/04/18/2321230 Cheers, Peter

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FFmpeg 7.0 “Dijkstra”: Best New Features
by Peter Reutemann 19 Apr '24

19 Apr '24

'One of the major updates in FFmpeg 7.0 is the parallel execution of operations for unpacking/packing media containers, decoding, encoding, and applying filters using the ffmpeg command line utility. This feature allows for the simultaneous execution of multiple tasks, resulting in a significant improvement in performance and efficiency, particularly when working with large-scale multimedia projects. Another notable addition is the support for encoding and decoding video in MPEG-5 format (EVC – Essential Video Coding) using the external library libxevd. This new format provides high efficiency transmission and storage of all screen resolutions, supports video with an extended dynamic range (HDR), and panoramic video in 360-degree mode. In addition, FFmpeg 7.0 has added unpackers and packers of media containers (demuxer/muxer) for the QOA (Quite OK Audio) format, which is used for transmitting audio with loss of quality. QOA decoding is claimed to be three times faster than Ogg-Vorbis while achieving higher quality and compression levels compared to ADPCM. The new version also includes unpackers and packers of media containers (demuxer/muxer) for the IAMF (Immersive Audio Model and Format) format, which defines a container for distributing surround sound. The format provides for the transmission of additional information necessary for the operation of sound stage reconstruction and sound mixing algorithms, and takes into account the propagation of sound signals in three-dimensional space to recreate sound as close to natural as possible. An experimental decoder for the VVC (Versatile Video Coding) format, also known as the H.266 video compression standard, has been added in FFmpeg 7.0. This new format provides high efficiency transmission and storage of all screen resolutions, supports video with an extended dynamic range (HDR), and panoramic video in 360-degree mode. The ffplay utility has added support for hardware acceleration of decoding using the Vulkan and libplacebo APIs, and the ability to use API D3D12VA (Direct 3D 12 Video Encoding) for hardware acceleration of decoding of H264, HEVC, VP9, AV1, MPEG-2 and VC1 formats has been implemented. [...] Remember: This version is NOT backward compatible. That means, many CLI options and API are removed which are long deprecated. So use caution before upgrading to version 7.0.' -- source: https://www.debugpoint.com/ffmpeg-7-0-features/ Cheers, Peter -- My Open Source Blog - http://open.fracpete.org

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High Priority PuTTY Vulnerability Threatens Server Access Security
by Peter Reutemann 19 Apr '24

19 Apr '24

'A critical security vulnerability in PuTTY, a very popular software for secure terminal access to remote servers, has been discovered. This vulnerability could put the private keys of many users at risk. Cataloged as CVE-2024-31497, the vulnerability affects PuTTY version numbers between 0.68 and 0.80. So, if you have been using PuTTY during this time, it is important to be aware of what this means for your data security. Fabian Bäumer and Marcus Brinkmann of the Ruhr University Bochum found the vulnerability. It concerns how PuTTY forms signatures from the ECDSA private keys on the NIST P521 curve. The vulnerability with PuTTY is that it creates a component of the signature called ‘nonce’ during the generation process. This randomly generated number can be used once in a cryptographic communication, thus ensuring that old communications cannot be reused in replay attacks. However, PuTTY used a deterministic method to generate nonces due to the lack of a high-quality random number generator in early Windows systems. This deterministic method was biased for the P521 curve, which made the private key recovery possible. Simply put, an attacker who gets hold of multiple signed messages can potentially recover your private key due to a specific bias in the signature creation process. This would allow them to forge signatures and access any servers where you’ve used this key.' -- source: https://linuxiac.com/high-priority-putty-vulnerability-found/ Cheers, Peter -- My Open Source Blog - http://open.fracpete.org

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Packages With “t64” On The Ends Of Their Names
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 15 Apr '24

15 Apr '24

Lately, in Debian Unstable, I have noticed package names starting to appear with “t64” on the ends. No doubt this will percolate through to Debian derivatives as well. I wondered what this was about, and found this forum thread <https://www.antixforum.com/forums/topic/t64-at-the-end-of-a-package-title/>. This has to do with the “year-2038” problem, which should only affect 32-bit systems anyway. But it seems some people are sufficiently concerned about this to ensure that their code will build with a 64-bit size for time_t (the POSIX type for holding the number of seconds since 1st January 1970), even on 32-bit systems. This is controlled at build time by setting the _TIME_BITS symbol to the value 64. There is a file /usr/include/features-time64.h (present if you have the libc6-dev package installed) that does the necessary setup of other time-related API calls based on this. On 64-bit systems (which is what most of us would be running by now), there would be absolutely no difference in the code with this setting. So the change in package name is I think only to maintain compatibility with 32-bit architectures.

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“Highly capable” hackers root corporate networks by exploiting firewall 0-day
by Peter Reutemann 15 Apr '24

15 Apr '24

'Highly capable hackers are rooting multiple corporate networks by exploiting a maximum-severity zero-day vulnerability in a firewall product from Palo Alto Networks, researchers said Friday. The vulnerability, which has been under active exploitation for at least two weeks now, allows the hackers with no authentication to execute malicious code with root privileges, the highest possible level of system access, researchers said. The extent of the compromise, along with the ease of exploitation, has earned the CVE-2024-3400 vulnerability the maximum severity rating of 10.0. The ongoing attacks are the latest in a rash of attacks aimed at firewalls, VPNs, and file-transfer appliances, which are popular targets because of their wealth of vulnerabilities and direct pipeline into the most sensitive parts of a network.' -- source: https://arstechnica.com/security/2024/04/highly-capable-hackers-root-corpor… Cheers, Peter

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APT Interface 'Revamped' For Ubuntu 24.10 and Debian Trixie with Colors and Columns
by Peter Reutemann 15 Apr '24

15 Apr '24

'Ubuntu 24.10 [expected this October] and Debian GNU/Linux 13 "Trixie" [expected June-July 2025] "will feature a refined APT command-line interface," reports 9to5Linux: APT developer and Canonical engineer Julian Andres Klode took to LinkedIn to present the revamped APT interface powered by the upcoming APT 3.0 package manager that looks to give users a more concise and well-laid-out command-line output when updating, installing, or removing packages via the terminal emulator. The new APT 3.0 UI brings a columnar display that will make it easier for users to quickly scan for a package name, support for colors (red for removals and green for other changes), which makes it easier to quickly distinguish commands at a glance, and smoother install progress bars using Unicode blocks. In addition, the new APT 3.0 command-line interface will be less verbose and offer more padding to make it easier to separate sections and extract the relevant information for you. "Bleeding-edge users and Linux enthusiasts who want to try this right now can check out Debian Unstable..."' -- source: https://linux.slashdot.org/story/24/04/14/052258 Cheers, Peter

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Canonical Says Qualcomm Has Joined Ubuntu's 'Silicon Partner' Program
by Peter Reutemann 15 Apr '24

15 Apr '24

'Intel, Nvidia, AMD, and Arm are among Canonical's "silicon partners," a program that "ensures maximum Ubuntu compatibility and long-term support with certified hardware," according to Web Pro News. And now Qualcomm is set to be Canonical's next silicon partner, "giving Qualcomm access to optimized versions of Ubuntu for its processors." Companies looking to use Ubuntu on Qualcomm chips will benefit from an OS that provides 10 years of support and security updates. The collaboration is expected to be a boon for AI, edge computing, and IoT applications. "The combination of Qualcomm Technologies' processors with the popularity of Ubuntu among AI and IoT developers is a game changer for the industry," commented Dev Singh, Vice President, Business Development and Head of Building, Enterprise & Industrial Automation, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc... "Optimised Ubuntu and Ubuntu Core images will be available for Qualcomm SoCs," according to the announcement, "enabling enterprises to meet their regulatory, compliance and security demands for AI at the edge and the broader IoT market with a secure operating system that is supported for 10 years." Qualcomm Technologies chose to partner with Canonical to create an optimised Ubuntu for Qualcomm IoT chipsets, giving developers an easy path to create safe, compliant, security-focused, and high-performing applications for multiple industries including industrial, robotics and edge automation... Developers and enterprises can benefit from the Ubuntu Certified Hardware program, which features a growing list of certified ODM boards and devices based on Qualcomm SoCs. These certified devices deliver an optimised Ubuntu experience out-of-the-box, enabling developers to focus on developing applications and bringing products to market.' -- source: https://news.slashdot.org/story/24/04/14/1652246 Cheers, Peter

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New Spectre V2 Attack Impacts Linux Systems On Intel CPUs
by Peter Reutemann 14 Apr '24

14 Apr '24

'BleepingComputer reports: Researchers have demonstrated the "first native Spectre v2 exploit" for a new speculative execution side-channel flaw that impacts Linux systems running on many modern Intel processors. Spectre V2 is a new variant of the original Spectre attack discovered by a team of researchers at the VUSec group from VU Amsterdam. The researchers also released a tool that uses symbolic execution to identify exploitable code segments within the Linux kernel to help with mitigation. The new finding underscores the challenges in balancing performance optimization with security, which makes addressing fundamental CPU flaws complicated even six years after the discovery of the original Spectre.... As the CERT Coordination Center (CERT/CC) disclosed yesterday, the new flaw, tracked as CVE-2024-2201, allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary memory data by leveraging speculative execution, bypassing present security mechanisms designed to isolate privilege levels. "An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability to leak privileged memory from the CPU by speculatively jumping to a chosen gadget," reads the CERT/CC announcement. "Current research shows that existing mitigation techniques of disabling privileged eBPF and enabling (Fine)IBT are insufficient in stopping BHI exploitation against the kernel/hypervisor." ' -- source: https://linux.slashdot.org/story/24/04/13/1911230 Cheers, Peter

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In a First, AlmaLinux Patches a Security Hole That Remains Unpatched in Upstream RHEL
by Peter Reutemann 10 Apr '24

10 Apr '24

'AlmaLinux, a three year old Linux distribution that started life as a clone of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, on Tuesday announced that it had created a patch to fix CVE-2024-1086, a security vulnerability that Red Hat evidently doesn’t think is important enough to patch in RHEL right away. “Though this was flagged as something to be fixed in Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Red Hat has only rated this as a moderate impact,” benny Vasquez, chairperson at the AlmaLinux Foundation explained in an article on the distro’s website on Tuesday. “Our users have asked us to patch this more quickly, and as such, we have opted to include patches ourselves. We released this kernel patch to the testing repo last weekend and plan to push it to production on Wednesday, April 3rd.” Since Vasquez’s post a production ready version of the fix was made available through the distro’s repositories, and Red Hat has re-evaluated the threat from its end and raised the severity level from “moderate” to “important.” There is still no sign of a patch from Red Hat, however, although the company has posted several methods for mitigating the threat. “This flaw is trivially exploitable on most RHEL-equivalent systems,” Vasquez said. “There are many proof-of-concept posts available now, including one from our Infrastructure team lead, Jonathan Wright (Dealing with CVE-2024-1086). In multi-user scenarios, this flaw is especially problematic.”' -- source: https://fossforce.com/2024/04/in-a-first-almalinux-patches-a-security-hole-… Cheers, Peter

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EndeavourOS Bids Farewell to ARM Branch
by Peter Reutemann 10 Apr '24

10 Apr '24

'In a heartfelt announcement today, Bryan Poerwo, founder and project leader of EndeavourOS, marked the end of its ARM product branch. This project has been part of the EndeavourOS journey since its inception from the remnants of Antergos in 2019. The initiative, which began with the help of a passionate community member known as Pudge, later a leading figure of the EndeavourOS ARM team, aimed to extend the reach of EndeavourOS to ARM devices such as the ODROID N2, ODROID XU4, and Raspberry Pi 4. Over nearly five years, EndeavourOS ARM flourished, witnessing additions like support for the PineBook Pro and Raspberry Pi 5 and implementing a Calamares install option alongside the original scripts. However, the journey was challenging. The rapid advancement of Linux and desktop environments on x86_64 devices contrasted sharply with the slower pace of development in the ARM landscape, presenting a series of obstacles that tested the resolve of the project’s pioneers. The widening gap between ARM and x86_64 architectures, reduced external support, and personal transitions in hardware preferences led to a heartfelt decision to conclude the EndeavourOS ARM project. But not all is lost. As the project ends, the community remains hopeful, inviting anyone willing to carry the torch forward. The project’s GitHub repository continues to be available, serving as a foundation for future endeavors in the ARM Linux space.' -- source: https://linuxiac.com/endeavouros-bids-farewell-to-arm-branch/ Cheers, Peter

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TrueNAS Moving From FreeBSD To Debian
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 09 Apr '24

09 Apr '24

TrueNAS, makers of a turnkey system installation designed for NAS servers, announced close to a month ago that they were changing the emphasis in their product development from “TrueNAS CORE” (which is FreeBSD-based) to “TrueNAS SCALE” (which is Linux-based, specifically Debian-based) <https://www.theregister.com/2024/03/18/truenas_abandons_freebsd/>. This article <https://blocksandfiles.com/2024/04/08/ixsystems-no-one-is-getting-marooned/> gives some more background on the move: Kris Moore, SVP for engineering, told us: “Upstream has shifted. So first of all, ZFS, that’s kind of the heart and soul of TrueNAS and was for FreeNAS as well. Most of that [development] work takes place on Linux these days; features testing, all that happens on Linux. FreeBSD is the thing you port to and you’re done. So that momentum has moved.” ... “We had a huge chunk of our engineering staff spending time improving FreeBSD as opposed to working on features and functionalities. What’s happened now with the transition to having a Debian basis, the people I used to have 90 percent of their time working on FreeBSD, they’re working on ZFS features now … That’s what I want to see; value add for everybody versus sitting around, implementing something Linux had a years ago.” The irony in that is, ZFS was deliberately released by Sun (now Oracle) under a licence that is designed to be incompatible with the GPL that covers the Linux kernel. If you want to argue otherwise, consider that Oracle still refuses to include ZFS with its own Linux distro, preferring to offer you btrfs instead. Of course, you could also view that as a sign of a lack of confidence in its own home-grown filesystem ...

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MIT License text becomes viral “sad girl” piano ballad generated by AI
by Peter Reutemann 09 Apr '24

09 Apr '24

'We've come a long way since primitive AI music generators in 2022. Today, AI tools like Suno.ai allow any series of words to become song lyrics, including inside jokes (as you'll see below). On Wednesday, prompt engineer Riley Goodside tweeted an AI-generated song created with the prompt "sad girl with piano performs the text of the MIT License," and it began to circulate widely in the AI community online.' -- source: https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2024/04/mit-license-text-bec… Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, Hamilton, NZ Mobile +64 22 190 2375 https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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German state gov. ditching Windows for Linux, 30K workers migrating
by Peter Reutemann 08 Apr '24

08 Apr '24

''Schleswig-Holstein, one of Germany’s 16 states, on Wednesday confirmed plans to move tens of thousands of systems from Microsoft Windows to Linux. The announcement follows previously established plans to migrate the state government off Microsoft Office in favor of open source LibreOffice. As spotted by The Document Foundation, the government has apparently finished its pilot run of LibreOffice and is now announcing plans to expand to more open source offerings. In 2021, the state government announced plans to move 25,000 computers to LibreOffice by 2026. At the time, Schleswig-Holstein said it had already been testing LibreOffice for two years. -- source: https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2024/04/german-state-gov-dit… Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, Hamilton, NZ Mobile +64 22 190 2375 https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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OpenBSD 7.5 Released
by Peter Reutemann 08 Apr '24

08 Apr '24

'Slashdot reader Mononymous writes: The latest release of OpenBSD, the FOSS Unix-like operating system focused on correctness and security over features and performance, has been released. This version includes newer driver support, performance improvements, stability fixes, and lots of package updates. One highlight is a complete port of KDE Plasma 5. You can view the announcement and get the bits at OpenBSD.org. Phoronix reports that with OpenBSD 7.5 "there is a number of improvements for ARM (AArch64) hardware, never-ending kernel optimizations and other tuning work, countless package updates, and other adjustments to this popular BSD platform."' -- source: https://tech.slashdot.org/story/24/04/06/0519207 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, Hamilton, NZ Mobile +64 22 190 2375 https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Tip For Repairing Ancient Linux Installations
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 02 Apr '24

02 Apr '24

Here’s the scenario: there is a malfunctioning server running a really ancient Linux installation (e.g. 2.6.x-series kernel). You boot up with a reasonably recent copy of SystemRescue, mount the machine’s filesystem, try to chroot into it and run a shell ... and it segfaults. Seems there has been a subtle incompatible change in Linux kernel behaviour since those times, to do with the disabling of something called the “vsyscall” mechanism (which is specific to 64-bit x86-based machines, I understand). This was supposed to be a way to speed up certain commonly-executed system calls (I think getting the system time was one of them) by allowing direct transfers to certain entry points with fixed memory addresses for invoking them. It was later decided this was a bad idea (I think for security reasons). The mechanism has not been completely removed (yet), but nowadays it is disabled by default. To get around this, you need to boot SystemRescue with a change to the kernel command-line parameters, adding this item vsyscall=emulate After you get to a shell, you can confirm that this setting is in effect by checking the /proc/self/maps file (the memory mappings for your own process). At the bottom, there should be an entry with “[vdso]” in it, and below that another line with “[vsyscall]”. The presence of the latter line indicates that vsyscall emulation is in effect. This is not present when I check a process on my own machine, for example. Linus is legendary for being a stickler for never, ever breaking backward compatibility for userland. So the reasons for turning this off must have been pretty compelling, for him to agree to it. But the compromise is, it’s still there to be enabled if you really, really need it. There’s a bit more technical info here <https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/SysCall/linux-syscall-3.html>, if you are interested. By the way, the above page is part of a book beginning here <https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/>, about the insides of the Linux kernel. The whole book seems to be accessible from that link, but if you step up a level, the site doesn’t seem to have any idea about the existence of that book.

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