July 2021 - wlug - list.wlug.org.nz

Microsoft Warns of 'Evolving' LemonDuck Mining Malware Targeting Linux and Windows Machines
by Peter Reutemann 26 Jul '21

26 Jul '21

'The threat intelligence team for Microsoft's 365 Defender security suite recently focused on an example of "modern mining malware infrastructure," describing how "Anything that can gain access to machines — even so-called commodity malware — can bring in more dangerous threats." Specifically, it offered a case study of LemonDuck. The blog post's title? "When coin miners evolve..." Today, beyond using resources for its traditional bot and mining activities, LemonDuck steals credentials, removes security controls, spreads via emails, moves laterally, and ultimately drops more tools for human-operated activity. LemonDuck's threat to enterprises is also in the fact that it's a cross-platform threat. It's one of a few documented bot malware families that targets Linux systems as well as Windows devices. It uses a wide range of spreading mechanisms — phishing emails, exploits, USB devices, brute force, among others — and it has shown that it can quickly take advantage of news, events, or the release of new exploits to run effective campaigns... Notably, LemonDuck removes other attackers from a compromised device by getting rid of competing malware and preventing any new infections by patching the same vulnerabilities it used to gain access... LemonDuck spreads in a variety of ways, but the two main methods are (1) compromises that are either edge-initiated or facilitated by bot implants moving laterally within an organization, or (2) bot-initiated email campaigns. LemonDuck acts as a loader for many other follow-on activities, but one if its main functions is to spread by compromising other systems. Since its first appearance, the LemonDuck operators have leveraged scans against both Windows and Linux devices for open or weakly authenticated SMB, Exchange, SQL, Hadoop, REDIS, RDP, or other edge devices that might be vulnerable to password spray or application vulnerabilities... Other common methods of infection include movement within the compromised environment, as well as through USB and connected drives. These processes are often kicked off automatically and have occurred consistently throughout the entirety of LemonDuck's operation.' -- source: https://linux.slashdot.org/story/21/07/25/2112228 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 577-5304 http://www.cms.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Mozilla Stops FTP Support in Firefox 90
by Peter Reutemann 25 Jul '21

25 Jul '21

'A post on Mozilla's security blog calls FTP "by now one of the oldest protocols still in use" — and it's suffering from "a number of serious security issues." The biggest security risk is that FTP transfers data in cleartext, allowing attackers to steal, spoof and even modify the data transmitted. To date, many malware distribution campaigns launch their attacks by compromising FTP servers and downloading malware on an end user's device using the FTP protocol. Aligning with our intent to deprecate non-secure HTTP and increase the percentage of secure connections, we, as well as other major web browsers, decided to discontinue support of the FTP protocol. Removing FTP brings us closer to a fully-secure web which is on a path to becoming HTTPS only and any modern automated upgrading mechanisms such as HSTS or also Firefox's HTTPS-Only Mode, which automatically upgrade any connection to become secure and encrypted do not apply to FTP. The FTP protocol itself has been disabled by default since version 88 and now the time has come to end an era and discontinue the support for this outdated and insecure protocol — Firefox 90 will no longer support the FTP protocol.' -- source: https://news.slashdot.org/story/21/07/24/0213220 There is always FileZilla: https://filezilla-project.org/ Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 577-5304 http://www.cms.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Researchers Found a Malicious NPM Package Using Chrome's Password-Recovery Tools
by Peter Reutemann 25 Jul '21

25 Jul '21

'Threatpost reports on "another vast software supply-chain attack" that was "found lurking in the npm open-source code repository...a credentials-stealing code bomb" that used the password-recovery tools in Google's Chrome web browser. Researchers caught the malware filching credentials from Chrome on Windows systems. The password-stealer is multifunctional: It also listens for incoming commands from the attacker's command-and-control (C2) server and can upload files, record from a victim's screen and camera, and execute shell commands... ReversingLabs researchers, who published their findings in a Wednesday post, said that during an analysis of the code repository, they found an interesting embedded Windows executable file: a credential-stealing threat. Labeled "Win32.Infostealer.Heuristics", it showed up in two packages: nodejs_net_server and temptesttempfile. At least for now, the first, main threat is nodejs_net_server. Some details: nodejs_net_server: A package with 12 published versions and a total of more than 1,300 downloads since it was first published in February 2019...finally upgrading it last December with a script to download the password-stealer, which the developer hosts on a personal website. It was subsequently tweaked to run TeamViewer.exe instead, "probably because the author didn't want to have such an obvious connection between the malware and their website," researchers theorized... ReversingLabs contacted the npm security team on July 2 to give them a heads-up about the nodejs_net_server and tempdownloadtempfile packages and circled back once again last week, on Thursday, since the team still hadn't removed the packages from the repository. When Threatpost reached out to npm Inc., which maintains the repository, a GitHub spokesperson sent this statement: "Both packages were removed following our investigation...."' -- source: https://developers.slashdot.org/story/21/07/24/0152218 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 577-5304 http://www.cms.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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'Reading about Firefox makes it seem a faster web browser than Chrome'
by Matthew Skiffington 25 Jul '21

25 Jul '21

Spotted in New Scientist, who sadly paywall everything. 'Going into the test, people overall tended to view Chrome as faster than Firefox (~39 per cent to ~31 per cent). While the researchers noted that many participants brought their own strong brand preferences, priming participants had an effect that overcame the inertia of that affinity. "When respondents read one of the priming articles, we saw a prevalence of the priming effect over brand preferences, providing support for the hypothesis that Firefox is faster after reading about Firefox improvements," the researchers said.' https://www.theregister.com/2021/03/11/mozilla_google_speed/ https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.06181 <https://www.theregister.com/2021/03/11/mozilla_google_speed/> Cognitive psychology + UX/UI, nifty. Cheers, Matthew *Doctoral Researcher, TAIAO project <https://taiao.ai/>Machine Learning Laboratory, FG.2.01LinkedIn <https://www.linkedin.com/in/matthew-skiffington>*

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'Update to Windows Defender will delete files Microsoft doesn't want to exist'
by Matthew Skiffington 23 Jul '21

23 Jul '21

Stumbled across something interesting on r/datahoarder, xpost from r/sysadmin. https://www.reddit.com/r/DataHoarder/comments/oopz4c/update_to_windows_defe… Cheers, Matthew *Doctoral Researcher, TAIAO project <https://taiao.ai/>Machine Learning Laboratory, FG.2.01LinkedIn <https://www.linkedin.com/in/matthew-skiffington>*

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Do Software Bugs Really Cost 100× More To Fix In Production Than In Testing?
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 23 Jul '21

23 Jul '21

There is an oft-cited claim that if you let a bug get into production code, the cost of fixing it increases a hundredfold, compared to if you had flushed it out during testing. This report <https://www.theregister.com/2021/07/22/bugs_expense_bs/> looks into the basis of that claim, and it seems to originate from a book published in 1987, which gave it a reference “[IBM81]”, which was “course notes at the IBM System Sciences Institute”. Only there was no such “Institute”, it seems it was really just the name for an internal training program for IBM employees. It also seems a related claim, that “defects cost more to fix the later you fix them”, also has weak, if any, empirical support. Nowhere in there is the issue of “technical debt” addressed, though. That is real, and can be very costly, and its costs do increase over time.

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Say hi to Microsoft's own Linux: CBL-Mariner
by Peter Reutemann 23 Jul '21

23 Jul '21

'Ok, so it's not named MS-Linux or Lindows, but Microsoft now has its very own, honest-to-goodness general-purpose Linux distribution: Common Base Linux, (CBL)-Mariner. And, just like any Linux distro, you can download it and run it yourself. Amazing isn't it? Why the next thing you know Microsoft will let you run Windows applications on Linux! Oh, wait it has!' -- source: https://www.zdnet.com/article/say-hi-to-microsofts-own-linux-cbl-mariner/ Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 577-5304 http://www.cms.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Google Pushed a One-Character Typo To Production, Bricking Chrome OS Devices
by Peter Reutemann 23 Jul '21

23 Jul '21

'Google says it has fixed a major Chrome OS bug that locked users out of their devices. Google's bulletin says that Chrome OS version 91.0.4472.165, which was briefly available this week, renders users unable to log in to their devices, essentially bricking them. From a report: Chrome OS automatically downloads updates and switches to the new version after a reboot, so users who reboot their devices are suddenly locked out them. The go-to advice while this broken update is out there is to not reboot. The bulletin says that a new build, version 91.0.4472.167, is rolling out now to fix the issue, but it could take a "few days" to hit everyone. Users affected by the bad update can either wait for the device to update again or "powerwash" their device -- meaning wipe all the local data -- to get logged in. Chrome OS is primarily cloud-based, so if you're not doing something advanced like running Linux apps, this solution presents less of an inconvenience than it would on other operating systems. Still, some users are complaining about lost data.' -- source: https://it.slashdot.org/story/21/07/22/1955245 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 577-5304 http://www.cms.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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16-Year-Old HP Printer-Driver Bug Impacts Millions of Windows Machines
by Peter Reutemann 22 Jul '21

22 Jul '21

'Researchers have released technical details on a high-severity privilege-escalation flaw in HP printer drivers (also used by Samsung and Xerox), which impacts hundreds of millions of Windows machines. If exploited, cyberattackers could bypass security products; install programs; view, change, encrypt or delete data; or create new accounts with more extensive user rights. The bug (CVE-2021-3438) has lurked in systems for 16 years, researchers at SentinelOne said, but was only uncovered this year. It carries an 8.8 out of 10 rating on the CVSS scale, making it high-severity. According to researchers, the vulnerability exists in a function inside the driver that accepts data sent from User Mode via Input/Output Control (IOCTL); it does so without validating the size parameter. As the name suggests, IOCTL is a system call for device-specific input/output operations. "This function copies a string from the user input using 'strncpy' with a size parameter that is controlled by the user," according to SentinelOne's analysis, released on Tuesday. "Essentially, this allows attackers to overrun the buffer used by the driver." Thus, unprivileged users can elevate themselves into a SYSTEM account, allowing them to run code in kernel mode, since the vulnerable driver is locally available to anyone, according to the firm. The printer-based attack vector is perfect for cybercriminals, according to SentinelOne, since printer drivers are essentially ubiquitous on Windows machines and are automatically loaded on every startup. "Thus, in effect, this driver gets installed and loaded without even asking or notifying the user," explained the researchers. "Whether you are configuring the printer to work wirelessly or via a USB cable, this driver gets loaded. In addition, it will be loaded by Windows on every boot. This makes the driver a perfect candidate to target since it will always be loaded on the machine even if there is no printer connected." -- source: https://hardware.slashdot.org/story/21/07/21/2235207 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 577-5304 http://www.cms.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Adding Custom Entries To A Create-New-Document Menu
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 22 Jul '21

22 Jul '21

If you look at a file/folder view in various of the common GUI file managers, you should see a contextual menu item with a name like “Create New”, showing a submenu of different document types (e.g. “Text File...”, “Spread Sheet Document...”) that you can create in that location. Select an item, it asks you for a name for the new document, and it creates it under that name, as a copy of the template provided for that document type. You can then click to open the newly-created document in the corresponding app and continue working with it in the usual way. This is an alternative to launching the app, creating a new untitled document, then using its “Save-As” function to name the document file. Of course, you can easily create your own templates. On KDE, when I type kde4-config --path templates to find out where a KDE-based file manager like Dolphin finds these templates, it reports /home/ldo/.kde/share/templates/:/usr/share/templates/ The latter contains templates installed systemwide by repo packages, while the former can contain whatever I like. As to the format of these template files? They are just another variation on the ever-popular text-based .desktop file format, which is used for example to define entries in your application menu, and icons on the desktop (for those who like that sort of thing). Oddly, the official spec for this only briefly mentions <https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/latest/ar01s06.ht…> “Type=Link”, without explaining this option further (that I can find). But some searching found this useful post <https://forum.kde.org/viewtopic.php?f=224&t=119342> on the KDE user forums. For example, if I look at /usr/share/templates/Illustration.desktop on my system, besides all the localized versions of the name to show for this option, there are the lines Type=Link URL=.source/Illustration.odg That “URL” is actually a file path relative to the .desktop file itself, referencing a document template to be copied as the initial state of the new document. Looking in the referenced directory, /usr/share/templates/.source/, I do indeed see the file Illustration.odg, along with many others. The association of the file extension with the app, in this case LibreOffice Draw, is handled through a separate spec, the shared MIME database <https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/shared-mime-info-spec/>. This is also widely supported by GUI desktop environments.

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