May 2020 - wlug - list.wlug.org.nz

OpenSSH To Deprecate SHA-1 Logins Due To Security Risk
by Peter Reutemann 28 May '20

28 May '20

'OpenSSH, the most popular utility for connecting to and managing remote servers, has announced today plans to drop support for its SHA-1 authentication scheme. From a report: The OpenSSH team cited security concerns with the SHA-1 hashing algorithm, currently considered insecure. The algorithm was broken in a practical, real-world attack in February 2017, when Google cryptographers disclosed SHAttered, a technique that could make two different files appear as they had the same SHA-1 file signature. At the time, creating an SHA-1 collision was considered computationally expensive, and Google experts thought SHA-1 could still be used in practice for at least half a decade until the cost would go down. However, subsequent research released in May 2019 and in January 2020, detailed an updated methodology to cut down the cost of an SHA-1 chosen-prefix collision attack to under $110,000 and under $50,000, respectively. ' -- source: https://it.slashdot.org/story/20/05/27/1830211 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 858-5174 http://www.cms.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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“Tech’s Volkswagen Moment”
by Lawrence D'Oliveiro 27 May '20

27 May '20

Love the use of the phrase “Volkwagen moment”. A researcher investigating Trend Micro’s antimalware software <https://www.theregister.co.uk/2020/05/20/trend_accused_microsoft_cheating/> has discovered a routine in it which appears to be able to tell when the software is running within Microsoft’s WHQL test suite, so the code can behave one way during testing and certification, and a different way while running on ordinary punters’ PCs. Trend Micro’s response seems to be trying to have it both ways, on the one hand denying it is doing such a thing, on the other trying to cast aspersions on the researcher for going public without contacting them first. But as a reader comment <https://forums.theregister.co.uk/forum/all/2020/05/20/trend_accused_microso…> points out, such a “responsible-disclosure” process is supposed to apply to security bugs. However, this appears to be a deliberate feature.

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India Open Sources Its Contact-Tracing App
by Peter Reutemann 27 May '20

27 May '20

'India has released the source code of its contact-tracing app, Aarogya Setu, to the relief of privacy and security experts who have been advocating for this ever since the app launched in early April. >From a report: Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology Secretary Ajay Prakash Sawhney made the announcement on Tuesday, dubbing the move "opening the heart" of the Aarogya Setu app to allow engineers to inspect and tinker with the code. The app has amassed over 114 million users in less than two months -- an unprecedented scale globally. The source code of Aarogya Setu's Android app is live on GitHub with code of iOS and KaiOS apps slated to release in a "few weeks." Nearly 98% of the app's users are on the Android platform. Sawhney said the government will also offer cash prizes of up to $1,325 to security experts for identifying and reporting bugs and vulnerabilities. "Open-sourcing Aarogya Setu is a unique feat for India. No other government product anywhere in the world has been open-sourced at this scale," said Amitabh Kant, chief executive of government-run think-tank NITI Aayog, in a press conference today.' -- source: https://news.slashdot.org/story/20/05/26/1954212 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 858-5174 http://www.cms.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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New Android Vulnerability Strandhogg 2.0 Exploits User Trust
by Peter Reutemann 27 May '20

27 May '20

'A Norwegian infosec firm discovered a new Android vulnerability, which they've dubbed Strandhogg 2.0. Security firm Promon says "Strandhogg" is an old Norse strategy for coastline raids and abductions, and today's vulnerability is the "evil twin" of a similar one discovered in 2019. The original Strandhogg used an Android feature called taskAffinity to hijack applications -- by setting the taskAffinity of one of its activities to match the packageName of any other app, then setting allowTaskReparenting="true" in its own manifest, the Strandhogg app would be launched in place of the target app. Strandhogg's 1.0 major weakness was the need to declare taskAffinity in the Android Manifest. The Manifest is a plain XML file and must be included in the package hosted at the Play Store itself -- it can't simply be downloaded later, after the app is installed. This made it relatively simple to scan the Play store for apps with sketchy-looking taskAffinity declarations. Strandhogg 2.0 doesn't require any special settings in a package's Android Manifest -- meaning the attacking code doesn't need to be present on the Play Store to be scanned at all. Instead, the attacker can download the attack code later, once the trojan app or game is already installed on a user's device. In addition to the obvious credential-stealing attacks, Strandhogg can be used to trick users into escalating its privileges based on the trust they have for the apps it hijacks. For example, a user tapping Camera is asked if they want to grant it permission to access the camera and microphone -- if the user taps Yes, they've actually given those privileges to the malware app, not the Camera app it covered up on the screen. Strandhogg 2.0 affects all versions of Android prior to 10 -- which translates to roughly 90 percent of the Android userbase. Google rolled out a patch to close the Strandhogg 2.0 vulnerability, CVE-2020-0096, in May's Android Security Update. This is good news for Pixel users -- but as always, carriers and OEMs may delay those upgrades significantly.' -- source: https://it.slashdot.org/story/20/05/26/211241 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 858-5174 http://www.cms.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Linus Torvalds Dumps Intel For 32-core AMD Ryzen On His Personal PC
by Peter Reutemann 26 May '20

26 May '20

'Linus Torvalds released Linux 5.7 rc7 today, saying it "looks very normal... none of the fixes look like there's anything particularly scary going on." But then he added something else: [T]he biggest excitement this week for me was just that I upgraded my main machine, and for the first time in about 15 years, my desktop isn't Intel-based. No, I didn't switch to ARM yet, but I'm now rocking an AMD Threadripper 3970x. My 'allmodconfig' test builds are now three times faster than they used to be, which doesn't matter so much right now during the calming down period, but I will most definitely notice the upgrade during the next merge window. The Register writes: Torvalds didn't divulge any further details about his new rig, but the 3970x is quite the beast, boasting 32 cores and 64 threads at 3.7GHz with the ability to burst up to 4.5GHz, all built on TSMC's 7nm FinFET process... Torvalds has probably acquired a whole new PC, as the Threadripper range requires a sTRX4 socket and those debuted on motherboards from late 2019. Whatever he's running, it has more cores than Intel currently offers in a CPU designed for PCs. Even Chipzilla's high-end CoreX range tops out at 18 cores. AMD will be over the moon that such a high profile IT pro has adopted their kit and pointed to its performance. Or, as long-time Slashdot reader williamyf puts it, "Good endorsement for AMD, a PR blow for Intel."' -- source: https://linux.slashdot.org/story/20/05/25/020240 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 858-5174 http://www.cms.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Thousands of Enterprise Systems Infected by New Blue Mockingbird Malware Gang
by Peter Reutemann 26 May '20

26 May '20

'Thousands of enterprise systems are believed to have been infected with a cryptocurrency-mining malware operated by a group tracked under the codename of Blue Mockingbird. From a report: Discovered earlier this month by malware analysts from cloud security firm Red Canary, the Blue Mockingbird group is believed to have been active since December 2019. Researchers say Blue Mockingbird attacks public-facing servers running ASP.NET apps that use the Telerik framework for their user interface (UI) component. Hackers exploit the CVE-2019-18935 vulnerability to plant a web shell on the attacked server. They then use a version of the Juicy Potato technique to gain admin-level access and modify server settings to obtain (re)boot persistence. Once they gain full access to a system, they download and install a version of XMRRig, a popular cryptocurrency mining app for the Monero (XMR) cryptocurrency.' -- source: https://tech.slashdot.org/story/20/05/25/1913201 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 858-5174 http://www.cms.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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eBay Port Scans Visitors' Computers For Remote Access Programs
by Peter Reutemann 26 May '20

26 May '20

'When visiting the eBay.com site, a script will run that performs a local port scan of your computer to detect remote support and remote access applications. Many of these ports are related to remote access/remote support tools such as the Windows Remote Desktop, VNC, TeamViewer, Ammy Admin, and more. After learning about this, BleepingComputer conducted a test and can confirm that eBay.com is indeed performing a local port scan of 14 different ports when visiting the site.' -- source: https://it.slashdot.org/story/20/05/25/161246 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 858-5174 http://www.cms.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Open Source Security Report Finds Library-Induced Flaws in 70% of Applications
by Peter Reutemann 25 May '20

25 May '20

' The State of Software Security (SOSS): Open Source Edition "analyzed the component open source libraries across the Veracode platform database of 85,000 applications which includes 351,000 unique external libraries," reports TechRepublic. "Chris Eng, chief research officer at Veracode, said open source software has a surprising variety of flaws." "An application's attack surface is not limited to its own code and the code of explicitly included libraries, because those libraries have their own dependencies," he said. The study found that 70% of applications have a security flaw in an open source library on an initial scan. Other findings from the report: - The most commonly included libraries are present in over 75% of applications for each language. - 47% of those flawed libraries in applications are transitive. - More than 61% of flawed libraries in JavaScript contain vulnerabilities without corresponding common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVEs). - Fixing most library-introduced flaws can be done with a minor version upgrade. - Using any given PHP library has a greater than 50% chance of bringing a security flaw along with' -- source: https://developers.slashdot.org/story/20/05/23/2330244 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 858-5174 http://www.cms.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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Chromium Project Finds 70% of Its Serious Security Bugs Are Memory Safety Problems
by Peter Reutemann 25 May '20

25 May '20

'"Around 70% of our serious security bugs are memory safety problems," the Chromium project announced this week. "Our next major project is to prevent such bugs at source." ZDNet reports: The percentage was compiled after Google engineers analyzed 912 security bugs fixed in the Chrome stable branch since 2015, bugs that had a "high" or "critical" severity rating. The number is identical to stats shared by Microsoft. Speaking at a security conference in February 2019, Microsoft engineers said that for the past 12 years, around 70% of all security updates for Microsoft products addressed memory safety vulnerabilities. Both companies are basically dealing with the same problem, namely that C and C++, the two predominant programming languages in their codebases, are "unsafe" languages.... Google says that since March 2019, 125 of the 130 Chrome vulnerabilities with a "critical" severity rating were memory corruption-related issues, showing that despite advances in fixing other bug classes, memory management is still a problem... Half of the 70% are use-after-free vulnerabilities, a type of security issue that arises from incorrect management of memory pointers (addresses), leaving doors open for attackers to attack Chrome's inner components... While software companies have tried before to fix C and C++'s memory management problems, Mozilla has been the one who made a breakthrough by sponsoring, promoting and heavily adopting the Rust programming language in Firefox... Microsoft is also heavily investing in exploring C and C++ alternativesâ¦ But this week, Google also announced similar plans as well... Going forward, Google says it plans to look into developing custom C++ libraries to use with Chrome's codebase, libraries that have better protections against memory-related bugs. The browser maker is also exploring the MiraclePtr project, which aims to turn "exploitable use-after-free bugs into non-security crashes with acceptable performance, memory, binary size and minimal stability impact." And last, but not least, Google also said it plans to explore using "safe" languages, where possible. Candidates include Rust, Swift, JavaScript, Kotlin, and Java.' -- source: https://developers.slashdot.org/story/20/05/24/1349204 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 858-5174 http://www.cms.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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'FOSS Responders' Want to Help Open-Source Groups Survive
by Peter Reutemann 25 May '20

25 May '20

'"Thanks to the coronavirus, technology events have been canceled left and right," writes ZDNet. "This, in turn, is damaging the finances of companies and groups that depend on these events." Some open-source groups, such as The Linux Foundation, can deal with it. Others aren't so fortunate. Some, such as Drupal Foundation, the Open Source Initiative (OSI), Open Source Matters (Joomla), and Ajv JSON Schema validator, are in real trouble. FOSS Responders is trying to help these and other groups and individuals... Nuritzi Sanchez, a FOSS Responder co-founder and GitLab senior open-source program manager, said: We "started out around mid-March as a response to COVID-19 event cancellations. It's a group of open source leaders from companies like Indeed, Facebook, Google, Red Hat, GitHub, GitLab, etc." They've set up a process to help both open-source individuals and organizations facing financial trouble. So far, Sanchez said, "organizations are the ones that have been reaching out most so far." They're also consolidating information on how to plan and execute virtual events and provide a place where people can look for and offer help. FOSS Responders has already had some success in raising donations. Alyssa Wright, Open Collective's director of social engineering, reports that it's raised funds from Indeed, Open Source Collective, Linux Fund, GitHub, Google, Sentry, Ethereum Foundation, and the Sloan Foundation. As a result "FOSS Responders is contributing over $100K to open-source organizations that are experiencing financial strain because of the COVID-19 pandemic." "The main focus of philanthropic efforts will be elsewhere, as they should be," noted LWN.net back in March, "but it is nice to see our community finding ways to help itself out internally."' -- source: https://news.slashdot.org/story/20/05/23/2351224 Cheers, Peter -- Peter Reutemann Dept. of Computer Science University of Waikato, NZ +64 (7) 858-5174 http://www.cms.waikato.ac.nz/~fracpete/ http://www.data-mining.co.nz/

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